历年真题精析——命题剖析及复习指导(6)

Directions:
In the following text, some sentences have removed. For Questions 41~45, choose the most suitable one from the list A~G to fit into of the numbered blank there are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. 

Canada's premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, to reduce healthcare costs.

They're all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastestgrowing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.

41.
What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care-to say nothing of reports from other experts-recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.

42.
But "national" doesn't have to mean that. "National" could mean interprovincial-provinces combining efforts to create one body.

Either way, one benefit of a "national" organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one provinceor a series of hospitals within a province-negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.

Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.

43.
A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably and regrettably Quebec refused to join.

A few premiers are suspicious of any federal provincial deal making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That's one reason why the idea of a national list hasn't gone anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast.

44.
Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow's report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: "A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the everincreasing cost of drugs."

45.
So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.

在七月底的年度会议上对渥太华大发牢骚之后，加拿大的省府官员们如果还有力气的话，他们可能会抽出时间一起做些事情，力图降低医疗费用。

他们所有人都在抱怨高涨的医疗预算，其中增长最快的部分是药品费用。

加拿大医疗信息协会的资料表明，自1997年以来，处方药费用的增长速度是整体医疗费用增长速度的两倍。部分增长是由于药物使用代替了其他的治疗手段。部分是由于使用了高于原来药品价格的新药，部分是由于药品价格更昂贵了。

该怎么办呢？且不用说其他专家的报告。罗马诺医疗委员会和科尔比医疗委员会都建议设立一个国家药物机构。由现在每个省指定自己的药物清单，有自己的机构、程序和有限的议价能力这种情况改为资源共享，一同与渥太华合作创建一个国家机构。

这里所说的"国家"是什么意思呢？罗伊·罗马诺和迈克尔·科尔比议员建议成立一个联邦政府和省政府一体的机构，就像最近成立的国家医疗委员会一样。

但是"国家"的含义不一定是指这一点。"国家"可意味着各省联合起来创建一个机构。不管何种含义，如果可能的话，成立一个国家机构的好处之一就是能够通过谈判从医药生产商那里获得更优惠的价格。原来是一个省或省内的几家医院针对该省清单上的某种药物议价，而现在这个国家机关头可以代表各省来议价。

比方说，魁北克伸只能代表700万公民议价，取而代之的是这个国家机构代表3100万加拿大人进行谈判。基本经济学表明，潜在的客户越多，获得的优惠价格的可能性就越大。

当然，医药公司就会大喊大叫了。他们喜欢散客买家，那样他们可以更好地为自己的利益而进行游说。他们可能会以要把一个省的工作机会转移到另一个省来进行威胁。他们可能会认为如果一个省的药单上包括了一种药，就会迫使其他省也把这种药加入药单，他们不会喜欢全国性的代理机构。但是，处于利益的驱使，他们又不得不与它打交道。

由渥太华和各省出资成立了加拿大医疗技术评估协调办公室，这意味着向成立国家机构迈进了一小步。在这个办公司下有一个普通药物评估机构，它向各省推荐应该在清单上增加的新药。不出所料，魁北克省拒绝加入这个机构，这很令人遗憾。

一些省的官员们对于联邦政府的交易感到怀疑。他们（尤其是魁北克省和阿尔伯特省）只想让渥太华额外支付上千万加元，但自己却不承担任何责任（如果他们有责任的话）。这就是为什么提出一个国家药物清单的想法得不到落实，而药品价格却不断的上涨。

所以如果某些省想运作医疗福利事业，他们就必须证明自己有这个能力，他们必须开一张省际单子来终止重复，他们还必须节约管理费用，防止一个省和另一个省之间的斗争，而且还要尽量争取更好的药价。

官员们喜欢有选择地引用罗马诺先生的报告，特别是有关联邦资金的部分，也许他们应该读读他们不得不说的有关药物的部分："为了抑制不断上涨的药价，一个国家药物机构会让政府对医药公司施加更大的影响。"

[A] Quebec's resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec's Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent!

[B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby's report:"the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies"

[C] What does "national" mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.

[D] The problem is simple and stark: health care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.

[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.

[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.

[G] Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers, they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its, list the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn't like a national agency, but selfinterest would lead them to deal with it.

本篇是有关加拿大政府控制药品成本（pharmaceutical costs）的探索。

第一、 二段：加拿大各省的政府官员应该在渥太华会议上为降低医疗费用尤其是药品费用做点事。

第三段：提出建立国家药物机构是一种方法。

第四、五、六段：阐述了国家药物机构的定义和好处。

第七、八段：现在向建立国家药物机构迈出的一小步，以及实施过程中的困难。

第九、十段：官员们总是希望得到更多的联邦基金，而实际上他们应该做些有利于病人和预算的事情。

[A]--不选

魁北克反对成立全国性药物代理机构。而魁北克的医药保险基金成本巨增。

[B]--45题

他们可以看看Kirby的报告，报告是关于建立全国性药物代理机构的好处。

[C]--42题

"全国性药物代理机构"是什么概念。

[D]--不选

问题是：保健方面的开支继续增长，增长速度超过了政府税收。

[E]--41题

根据加拿大保健信息研究所信息：处方药的成本自1977年以来增长速度是总保健费用的两倍，以及增长的原因。

[F]--44题

如果一些省想控制保健方面的局势，就必须证明具备一些能力。

[G]--43题

制药公司对全国性药物代理机构的抗议及其原因。

选项［A］项符合逻辑的地方就是在第八段后，但是［A］项第二、三句话内容与下文没有任何联系。

选项［B］引用了Kirby先生的报告中关于全国性机构会带来最低购买价格的内容。与第九段后半部分的引用相当，同时该选项以Or they could read开头，与第九段相呼应。

选项［C］对national作出解释，从以上文章分析中我们知道，第三段针对如何降低药品成本提出建立national drug agency，同时第四段开头"But national doesn't have to mean that"，那么选项［C］应该放在中间最合适。

选项［D］谈到保健方面的开支继续增长，增长速度超过了政府税收。我们看到只有在文章的第一段提到保健成本费用，紧接着第二段就引出了主要是药品费用的问题。所以选项［D］没有位置可以插入。

选项［E］叙述了根据加拿大保健信息研究所信息：处方药的成本自1977年以来增长速度是总保健费用的两倍，以及增长的原因。其中处方药的成本增长正是第二段提到的问题核心即pharmacertical costs。

选项［F］叙述了如果某些省想控制保健方面的局势，就必须证明具备一些能力。而第七、八段主要是说：现在向建立国家药物机构迈出的一小步，以及实施过程中来自某些省的抗议和阻力。因此后面要衔接的内容应该是对这些省提出具体要求和目标。

选项［G］ 叙述制药公司对全国性药物代理机构的抗议及其原因。

第四、五、六段：阐述了国家药物机构的定义和好处。放在第六段后正好与前面形成另一方面的回应，很恰当。

Part C

Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)

It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multimedia groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.

Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotlycontested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.

Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.(49) Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice-that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.

In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on coproductions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say "United we stand, divided we fall"-and if I had to choose a slogan it would be "Unity in our diversity." A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.

谈论大众媒体在欧洲历史上这个具有非凡意义的阶段所发挥的作用并非易事。历史和新闻的界线变混淆了，人们对于大众媒体的印象往往是一种怀疑和乐观情绪的结合。电视是产生和表达这些感受的众多手段之一--此前它从未在欧洲近来事务中如今日一般发挥如此大的作用来连接不同国家和不同民族。现在正在形成的欧洲除了其民族文化及国家的认同感外，别无他物。只有考虑到这些，我们才可以着手分析欧洲的电视状况。像在其他地方一样，欧洲的多媒体集团日益成功：这些集团把电视台、之声、报纸、杂志及出版社合并到了一起，彼此协作。意大利的一个例子是Berlusconi集团，而我们所知的外国有Maxwell和Murdoch.

显然，在这样一个利润丰厚竞争激烈的市场，只有最大最灵活的公司才有竞争力。仅这一点就表明在电视行业里生存不那么容易，这个事实通过统计数字更是一目了然，统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的多达半数。

此外，欧共体的形成将迫使电视公司在制作和发行方面进行更为密切的合作。

不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织成一体，要创造出一个尊重这些不同文化和传统的"欧洲品牌"绝非易事，需要人们做出战略性的选择--在欧洲制定一个繁荣欧洲计划。这就意味着要减少对北美市场的依赖，该市场的节目里包含了不同于我们的经历和文化传统。

为了实现这些目标，我们必须对合作制作节目、交换新闻、文献服务及培训更为关注。这也意味着欧洲国家之间需要达成一项协议，创建一个电视节目制作的欧洲银行，该银行可参照欧洲投资银行的模式，处理与制作成本相关的财务问题。在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说："联合，我们就会生存；分裂，我们就会灭亡。"如果我不得不选择一个口号的话，这个口号应该是"团结协作，求同存异"，既具有一致的目标，又尊重每个国家的不同特点。

46. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.

[结构分析]

Television is one of the means // by which these feelings are created and conveyed-/and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.

这是一个并列复合句。Television is one of the means 是主句;by which these feelings are created and conveyed是定语从句，修饰名词means;并列句and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.与前面句子并列。在该并列句中使用了部分倒装。否定词置于句首，句子要使用部分倒装形式。同时，在该并列句中体现了"so...as..."结构。

[词义推敲]

convey 转达,传达

serve可作......用,起作用

[翻译润色]

Television is one of the means 电视是众多手段之一

by which these feelings are created and conveyed 通过这些手段产生并表达这些感情

and perhaps never before has it served so much as in the recent events in Europe.　并且以前电视或许没有像最近欧洲发生的事件一样起过如此重大作用

to connect different peoples and nations在联系不同民族和国家方面

[参考译文]

电视是产生和表达这些感受的手段之一--在加强不同的民族和国家的联系方面，电视或许以前从来没有像在近来欧洲发生的事件这样起过如此重大的作用。

47. In Europe, as elsewhere, multimedia groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.

[结构分析]

In Europe, as elsewhere, multi media groups have been increasingly successful groups / which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses // that work in relation to one another.

这是一个复合句。In Europe, as elsewhere,是地点状语;multimedia groups have been increasingly successful groups 是主句;定语从句which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses 用来修饰名词groups;定语从句that work in relation to one another用来修饰前文的并列的名词television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses。

[词义推敲]

bring together 合并

work in relation to one another 彼此协作

[翻译润色]

In Europe, as elsewhere, 在欧洲，像在任何其他地方一样

multi media groups have been increasingly successful groups 多媒体集团已经日渐成功

which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses 它把电视，广播，报纸，杂志和出版社合并到一起

that work in relation to one another 彼此协作

[参考译文]

像在其他地方一样，在欧洲的多媒体集团日渐成功：这些集团将相关的电视、广播、报纸、杂志和出版社组织在一起，彼此互相协作。

48. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.

[结构分析]

This alone demonstrates / that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics // that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.

这是一个复合句。This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in是主句;名词短语a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989用来补充说明前文;在该名词短语中underlined by statistics是过去分词短语，用来修饰a fact;定语从句that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989用来修饰前文的名词statistics。

[词义推敲]

demonstrate表明

survive　生存

underline 划下划线,强调

take a loss　损失,亏损

[翻译润色]

This alone demonstrates 这一点仅仅表明

that the television business is not an easy world to survive in想在电视行业中生存绝非易事

a fact underlined by statistics 统计数字强调了这一事实

that show that out of eighty European television networks它表明在八十家欧洲电视网络中

no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. 在1989年，一半以上亏损

[参考译文]

这一点仅仅表明想在电视行业中生存绝非易事。统计数字强调了这一事实：在八十家欧洲电视网络中，在1989年，一半以上亏损。

49. Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the old continent // is no easy task / and demands a strategic choice

[结构分析]

Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice

这是一个并列句。Creating a "European identity" is no easy task and demands a strategic choice 是主句;定语从句that respects the different cultures and traditions用来修饰名词"European identity";定语从句which go to make up the connecting fabric of the old continent用来修饰名词"different cultures and traditions"。

[词义推敲]

European identity 欧洲品牌

strategic choice 战略性的选择

[翻译润色]

Creating a "European identity" is no easy task打造一个"欧洲品牌"不是件容易的事

that respects the different cultures and traditions 尊重不同文化和传统

which go to make up the connecting fabric of the old continent它将欧洲大陆组成完整的统一体

and demands a strategic choice并且需要做出战略性的选择

[参考译文]

不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织成一体，要打造一个尊重这些不同文化和传统的"欧洲品牌"绝非易事，需要人们做出战略性的选择。

50. In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say "United we stand, divided we fall"

[结构分析]

In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say "United we stand, divided we fall"

这是一个简单句。介词短语In dealing with a challenge on such a scale作伴随状语。it is no exaggeration to say "United we stand, divided we fall"是主句。

[词义推敲]

deal with　处理

it is no exaggeration to say毫不夸张地说

[翻译润色]

In dealing with a challenge on such a scale在处理如此规模的挑战时

it is no exaggeration to say毫不夸张地说

"United we stand, divided we fall"团结，我们就会生存；分裂，我们注定灭亡。

[参考译文]

在应对如此规模的挑战时，可以毫不夸张地说："团结，我们就会生存；分裂，我们注定灭亡。"