迦思佑2010年考研英语写作预测（五）

精神空虚(the void spirit/ A lot of people who commit suicide are result from their void spirit. there is a spiritual void in China. Establish and implement the scientific view of development and push forward the coordinated development between socialist material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization.)

传统美德(traditional virtue/ For decades, we have made more criticism than inheritance of our own traditional culture and more negative than confirmative. We should certainly learn from the West, but it is of equal importance that we retain virtues of our own. The Confucian Tradition(The Three Essential Confucian Values: I. Filial Piety II. Humaneness III. Respect for Ritual)

铺张浪费(extravagance and waste/勤俭节约industry and economy/ The Chinese government, therefore, is promoting the concept of a thrifty society and frugal economy as a matter of urgency. Chinese laws and regulations concerning energy conservation currently in operation leave a lot to be desired.)

传统伦理(The traditional ethical requirements /

The traditional ethical requirements same with the basic principles:

1. WHAT YOU DO NOT WISH DONE TO YOURSELF, DO NOT DO TO OTHERS.

1)   In its negative form:

"Do not impose on others what you yourself do not desire".

"Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you."(己所不欲，勿施于人).

2)  Although it is argued to be too much pushing one's own way to others, the positive form of the requirement is found in many classics:

 "Do to others what you wish others do to you" (欲人施诸己，亦施于人).

"A benevolent man helps others to take their stand in that he himself wishes to take his stand, and gets others there in that he himself wishes to get there" (己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人).

2. EVERY HUMAN BEING SHOULD BE TREATED HUMANLY.

"To do humanly is to be human" (仁者人也)

"'Benevolence' means loving your fellow men" (仁者爱人)

Chinese tradition even advocates both the respect for human life and even the respect for all kinds of life, which seems to be very close to the idea of "Green Peace" and ecological criticism. These thoughts do not only seek for human peace but also for the harmony between human and nature and other creatures.  And therefore, "the virtue of respecting for life" (生生之德) and "friend others and affiliate with all creatures"(民胞物与) is always taken as the great virtue in Confucian teachings and philosophy.

There are many other traditional Chinese ideas related:

1. In regard with the human relationship, "Harmony in diversity" or "harmony with diversity" (和而不同) is typically emphasized in Confucianism.  Compared with "Baha'i", a new religious community who takes "Unity with diversity" as the main doctrine, the Confucian spirit of the harmonious co-existence of different cultures might be more relevant for the foundation of human existence and development.

2. Confucius believes "honesty-sincerity is the Dao of Heaven" (诚者，天之道也) which is out of the control of human beings,  and "to be honest and sincere is the Dao of human beings" which is the only thing we could do (诚之者，人之道也).  In this case, a gentleman （君子）should "cultivate himself to be honest and sincere" in accordance with the Dao of Heaven, which is something upper or a more or less religious standard of honesty and sincerity.  This might be clearer in the interpretation of Dao.  In Chinese, I think either道 (way) or 德 (virtue) means "to walk your talk" originally, because both走 and 彳are symbols of walking carefully with small steps.  In this case, "way" is formed in the walking and in virtue of moral practice "virtue" appears.  Just as David Tracy noticed, the famous saying of Socrates "The unexamined life is not worth living" is in sharp contrast with a saying in a Buddhist scripture, "The un-lived life is not worth examining."

3. So Dao is not only metaphysical but also physical; "honesty-sincerity" is above us and what we could do is nothing but learning to be honest and sincere; Dao could be justified in faith, as well as in behavior.  I am not sure if it is "religion", but it is of course something like "Acts of Religion" (in terms of Derrida) or "Acts of Faith" (in terms of Rodney Stark).  You may know that the sacred "Word" or "Wisdom" in the Gospel of John and other biblical scriptures is translated into "Dao" in this sense.

4. For the same reason, traditional Chinese ethics ask for our "Consideration for others" (恕) and a spirit of tolerance: "great virtues have a huge capacity to contain things" (厚德载物), and "to tolerate is a sign of greatness" (有容乃大).

5.  And probably related to the consideration for others, traditional Chinese ethics place a great emphasis on family, viewing family as the foundation of society.  Among the "five cardinal relationships" (emperor and his officials, fathers and kids, husbands and their wives, brothers and sisters, and friends), three of them are concerned with family relationship.  It is even believed that "The relation between the officials and the emperor may find origin or archetype in the relation between husbands and wives, which even extends to the relation of heaven and the earth." (君子之道，造端乎夫妇。及其至也，察乎天地).

6.  And so, in Chinese traditional philosophy, "humanity is Benevolence" (博爱之谓仁), "filial piety" is the origin of human morality and sentiment (立爱自亲始).  And, it is encouraged that "love your family so as to love others and all creatures" (亲亲而仁民，仁民而爱物), "cultivate moral character, and then you could cultivate your family, administrate the country, and bring peace all over the world" (修身、齐家、治国、平天下).  When it is promoted to the realm that "honor the aged of other people as we honor our own, take care of the young of other people as we take care of our own" (老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼), we may naturally relate the traditional Chinese teachings with the famous prayer by St. Francis in the Medieval Europe: to be understood as to understand, to be loved as to love; it is in giving that we receive, it is in pardoning that we are pardoned, it is in dying that we are born to eternal life.