2016考研英语:新闻热词英译汇总(1)

作者: 来源:中国日报 时间:2015-09-16 16:00

职称

professional title

The professional title systems for primary and middle school teachers will be unified and they can acquire senior professional title, which is equivalent to professorship at a university, according to a draft reform plan on the professional title systems of China's primary and middle school teachers.  《关于深化中小学教师职称制度改革的指导意见》称,将建立统一的中小学教师职务制度,增设正高级教师职称,即教授职称。

在过去,无论教学经验(teaching experience)如何丰富,师德多么崇高,中小学教师的最高职称只能评到副高级(deputy senior professional title),而现在,小学老师也有机会评上"教授级"职称了。

根据人社部、教育部近日印发的这份指导意见,今后职称评定标准将注重师德(teachers' ethics)、实绩(performance)和实践经历(practice),改变过分强调论文、学历倾向(avoid too much emphasis on paper publishing and education background),并对农村和边远地区教师(teachers in rural and remote areas)倾斜。

[相关词汇]

academic rank 学衔

associate professor 副教授

teaching staff 教育工作者

vocational qualification 职业资格

teacher swap system 教师轮岗制度

teacher tenure 教师终身制

倒计时晚会

countdown gala

Alibaba Group is planning a star-studded countdown gala to promote this year's Double 11 shopping festival. 阿里巴巴集团将举办一场星光熠熠的倒计时晚会为2015年"双11"购物狂欢节造势。

The gala celebration will be attended by well-known celebrities and directed by Chinese film director Feng Xiaogang. It will be held in the evening of Nov 10 and broadcast live to the world. Advertisement bidding on the gala will be held in late September.

晚会将在11月10日晚举行,将有多位大牌明星到场,由电影导演冯小刚执导,全球同步直播。9月下旬,阿里将为晚会举行商家招标会。

阿里巴巴集团CEO张勇说,第一个"双11"只是当时淘宝商城搞的一个促销活动(promotion),但今天,"双11"已成为全体消费者的狂欢节(carnival)。据悉,这场晚会并不是单纯的综艺节目(variety show),而是要体现出电商(E-commerce)特色,让观众互动起来。

[相关词汇]

audience rating 收视率

host 主持人

crosstalk 相声

sketch comedy 小品

traditional opera 戏曲

前线国家

frontline countries

As EU leaders stepped up efforts to tackle the historic crisis of refugees, France said it would take 24,000 more asylum-seekers from hard-hit frontline countries while British Prime Minister David Cameron said his country would also do more, taking in 20,000 Syrian refugees from overflowing camps near the war-torn country's borders over the next five years.  面对历史性的难民危机,欧盟各国领导人纷纷加大应对力度。法国表示它将从涌入大量难民的欧洲前线国家再接收2.4万难民,而英国首相卡梅伦表示英国也将做出更多努力,未来五年将从叙利亚边境的难民营接收2万名难民。饱受战乱摧残的叙利亚边境的难民营已经人满为患。

欧洲正遭遇二战以来规模最大的难民危机(refugee crisis)。近半年,来自北非、中东甚至阿富汗的大批难民,纷纷踏上朝向欧洲的不归路。欧洲东南部的匈牙利、马其顿等国面临着一大波来自陆上的难民。希腊、意大利等地中海沿岸国家面临来自海上的难民。前线国家(frontline countries)指的就是匈牙利、马其顿、希腊、意大利这些难民第一个抵达的国家。

根据《都柏林公约》(The Dublin Regulation),难民第一步踏进哪个国家,该国就必须负责接收、处理和审核。但这些前线国家面临大批难民已不堪重负,也越来越不愿意担起这个责任。而很多难民也把这些前线国家当作中转站,其最终目的地是法国、德国等经济发达的国家。

目前,德国主张欧盟应尽快建立"难民分摊"(refugee quota)制度,即根据各成员国的人口、经济实力以及迄今已接纳难民的多寡来确定每个国家接纳的难民数量。于是就有了英法的表态,表示将多接收一些难民。

外媒在报道难民时,用到了migrant、refugee和asylum seeker三种表达,但它们其实有差别。根据《卫报》的解释,migrant指从一个地方移到另一个地方的人,以便在别国居住至少一年(someone who moves from one place to another in order to live in another country for more than a year)。

Refugee指逃离战争或迫害的人,被认为需要国际保护,因为回到家乡对他们来说太危险(a person who has fled armed conflict or persecution and who is recognized as needing of international protection because it is too dangerous for them to return home).

Asylum seeker是寻求避难的人,各国有义务考虑寻求避难人士的要求,不能立即将寻求避难的人遣返回本国(States are under international obligation to consider claims for asylum and not to immediately return asylum seekers to the countries they have fled from)。

[相关词汇]

border 边境

refugee camp 难民营

persecution 迫害

flee 逃离

exile 流亡

haven 避难所

在位时间最长君主

longest-reigning monarch

Queen Elizabeth II has broken record by becoming the longest-reigning monarch in Britain's history. She passes Queen Victoria, her great-great-grandmother, who was on the throne for 63 years and 7 months. Her 63-year reign has included 12 British prime ministers, seven archbishops of Canterbury and seven popes.  女王伊丽莎白二世打破了曾曾祖母维多利亚女王在位63年7个月的记录,成为英国历史上在位时间最长的君主。在女王在位的63年里,先后有12位英国首相、7位坎特伯雷大主教和7位罗马天主教教皇当任。

虽然荷兰和西班牙国王近几年接连退位(give up their thrones),为年轻一代让路,但接近女王的人表示,89岁高龄的女王没有退位(abdication)的想法。这就意味着,66岁的查尔斯王子要等更长的时间才能成为国王,而查尔斯已经是英国等待最久的王位继承人(longest-serving heir)很久了。

作为女王,伊丽莎白二世有很多常人没有的特权(privileges)。比如,女王不用旅行文件(travel documents)和护照(passport)就能出国。女王不需要有驾照(driver's license)也不用申请车牌(car plate)。女王每年都有两个生日。她真正的出生日期(actual proper legit birthday)是4月21日,而她"官方"的生日则是在六月的某个周日庆祝。

[相关词汇]

royal family 王室

crown 王冠

monarch 君主

majesty 陛下

prince 王子

princess 公主

heir 继承人

throne 宝座

coronation 加冕

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