新东方在线唐静讲考研翻译技巧：省略法

（四）省略冠词

1．英语有冠词，汉语没有冠词；因此，英译汉时往往可将冠词省略。

A teacher should have patience in his work.
当教员的应当有耐心。（省略不定冠词A）

The horse is a useful animal.
马是有益的动物。（省略定完词The）

It is out of the question to fly to the moon in the past.
在过去，飞往月球是绝对办不到的事情。（省略定完词The）

The moon was slowly rising above the sea.
月亮慢慢从海上升起。（省略定冠词The）

2．英译汉时，省略原文中的冠词是一般情况。但在某些场合，冠词却不能省略，可以翻译为"一个，每一，这个，那个"等。例如：

He left without saying a word.
他一句话不说就走了。

Egbert said he was getting a dollar a mile.
埃格伯特说，他（开车）每天一英里就赚一块钱。

This is the book you wanted.
这就是你要的那本书。

（五）省略介词

1．省略表示时间的前置词

The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.
一九四九年中华人民共和国成立。

比较：中华人民共和国成立于一九四九年。

（介词译成汉语在句首时可以省略，在句尾就没有省略）

On July 1, 1997, Hongkong returned to the People's Republic of China.
一九九七年七月，香港回归了中华人民共和国。

2．省略表示地点的前置词

Smoking is prohibited in public places.
公共场所不准吸烟。

In winter, it is much colder in the North than it is in the South.
冬天，北方的天气比南方冷得多。

如：

He stood by the desk.
他站在桌旁。

I stayed in my brother's house.
我住在弟弟家里。

（四）省略动词

When the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low.
气压低，沸点就低。

Delivery must be effected within the time stated on the purchase order.
必须在购货单规定的时间交货。

二、从修辞角度看（一）英语句子中有些短语重复出现，或者具有相同意义的词重复出现，英译汉时可按情况作适当省略。

University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.
报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。

Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason.
双方均不得无故解除合同。

（二）根据汉语习惯，译文中可以省略一些可有可无的词。

There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.
没有下雪，但叶落草枯。