考研英语阅读理解(1994-1999真题)第一讲

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考研英语阅读理解(1994-1999真题)第一讲

51. In Line 8,Paragraph 1,”the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means _____.
52.The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that ___.
53.According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by _____.
54.The passage is mainly about ____.

段落一:

The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise,market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.Private businessmen,striving to make profits,produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen;and the profit motive,operating under competitive pressures,largely determines how these goods and services are produced.Thus,in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,couple with the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes,that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.

分段分析:

The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise,market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most...
翻译:美国经济体制是围绕私营企业,在以市场为导向的经济基础上所建立起来的,在这个经济体制下要生产什么很大程度上是消费者通过到市场花钱购买他们所需要的商品和服务来决定的。
加下划线词汇的翻译:企业     Adj.导向的   主要地    决定    生产
重要词汇讲解:by 在---旁边;在---之前;根据;按照
They are sitting by the river fishing all day along.
Don’t worry!We all stand by you at the election.
Please gather at the college gate by three o’clock.
She always judges people by/from their appearances.
This fruit is sold by the box in the supermarket.
We must do things by rules and regulations.

Private businessmen,striving to make profits,produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen;and the profit motive,operating under competitive pressures,largely determines how these goods and services are produced.
翻译:为了获取利润,私营企业主在与其他人竞争中生产这些产品,并且因为有了逐利的动力,而且还有了在竞争压力下运营,他们很大程度上决定了商品和服务是怎么生产的。
加下划线词汇的翻译: 力求    与.......比较起来   操作   决定;下决心
重要词汇讲解:Under 低于;在---底下;在---之中
It is still under the original price.(反义above)
Children under six are admitted free of charge.
There’re a lot of people under the bridge when it rains.
Our car was still under repairs when we arrived there.

Thus,in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,couple with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes,that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
加下划线词汇的翻译:要求,需要   加上    希望,欲望
翻译:因此,在美国经济体制中是由消费者的个人追求、商人追求利润的最大化以及购买力最大化共同决定了该生产什么和如何利用资源来生产这些商品。

51.In Line 8,Paragraph 1,”the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means__D__.
[A]Americans are never satisfied with their incomes
[B]Americans tend to overstate their incomes
[C]Americans want to have their incomes increased
[D]Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes

段落二:

An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers.In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system , a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers.If the products is in short supply relative to the demand,the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If,on the other hand,producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost,this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers,which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.Thus,price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.

分段分析:

An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers.
加下划线词汇的翻译:结构,机制    表达    对.......做出反应
翻译:在市场经济中一个重要的因素是一个的机制,通过这个机制消费者的需求可以表达出来,而且生产者通过这个机制可以对消费者的需求做出反应。

In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system , a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers.
加下划线词汇的翻译:过程    对.......作出反应    相关的
翻译:在美国经济体制中,这一机制是由价格体制实现的,价格随着消费者的相对需求和生产者的波动情况上下浮动。

52.The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that ___D___.
[A]producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production 机械化的产品
[B]consumers can express their demands through producers
[C]producers decide the prices of products
[D]supply and demand regulate prices 调节,调控

哄抬物价
排除
If the products is in short supply relative to the demand,the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market.
加下划线词汇的翻译:哄抬物价   排除
翻译:如果商品供不应求,价格会上升,一些消费者会排挤这个市场。

If,on the other hand,producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost,this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers,which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.Thus,price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
加下划线词汇的翻译:商品、日用品     result in+导致的结果    result from+导致的原因    减少;约束;换算
翻译:如果某种产品大量生产导致了成本的下降,那么产销者提供的产品的量就会上升,这样产品价格就会下降,更多的消费者就会购买这样的产品。因此,价格就是美国经济体制中调节的机制。

段落三:

The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources(private property),and they are permitted to hire labor,gain control over natural resources,and produce goods and services for sale at a profit.In the American economy,the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of producing resources but also certain rights,including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.

分段分析:

The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources(private property),and they are permitted to hire labor,gain control over natural resources,and produce goods and services for sale at a profit.
重要词汇讲解:over 在....上方;超过
Those seabirds are circling over/above the sea.
I guess that the man is now over/above fifty.
翻译:私有制经济中的一个重要因素是允许个人拥有生产资料(私有财产),他们还允许雇佣劳动力,控制资源,通过生产产品和服务来获取利益。

In the American economy,the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of producing resources but also certain rights,including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
加下划线词汇的翻译:观念、观点    包含;拥抱    某一;必然的
翻译:在美国经济体制中,拥有私人财产的概念不仅包括生产资料所有制还包括产品价格的决定权,与其他私有个体签约权。

53.According to the passage,a private-enterprise economy is characterized by____A___.
[A]private property and rights concerned 涉及
[B]manpower and natural resources control 人力、劳动力
[C]ownership of productive resources
[D]free contracts and prices

54.The passage is mainly about___C____.
[A]how American goods are produced
[B]how American consumers buy their goods
[C]how American economic system works
[D]how American businessmen make their profits

二.
段落一:

One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores,restaurants,and hotels,at home,across the country,and even abroad,and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically,making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations,whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society”is not on the horizon—it’s already here.

分段分析:

One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card.
加下划线词汇的翻译:113’000’000    银行发行的
翻译:一亿一千三百万的美国人手中至少持有一家银行的信用卡。

They give their owners automatic credit in stores,restaurants,and hotels,at home,across the country,and even abroad,and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically,making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations,whether or not the local branch bank is open.
翻译:信用卡可以给持有人自动的信贷关系在商店,饭店,宾馆,当地,国内甚至国外,信用卡还可以使他们得到银行提供的其他服务。越来越多的信用卡可以被自动读取,持卡人可以在不同的地方存款和取款,不管本地的银行是否开门营业。
For many of us the “cashless society”is not on the horizon—it’s already here.

55.According to the passage,the credit card enables its owner to____B_____.
[A]withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes
[B]obtain more convenient services than other people do
[C]enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper
[D]cash money wherever he wishes to

56.From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ___C___.
[A]in the future all the Americans will use credit cards
[B]credit cards are mainly used in the United States today
[C]nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash
[D]it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before

三.
While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufactures for similar reasons.
Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.

分段分析:

While computers offer these conveniences to consumers,they have many advantages for sellers too.
Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales.They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what,when,and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made.
翻译:计算机给消费者提供这些方便的同时,也为商家提供很多好处。电子收银机能记录。他可以做各种记录,包括谁卖了什么,什么时候和卖给谁。这些信息,通过显示商品的种类和销售的速度使商家能追踪和记录商品清单。就可以做出对商品再订购或是返厂的决定。
At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.
加下划线词汇的翻译:全体员工    为......配置    分配;任务,工作    因此;相应地
翻译:同时这些电脑还能记录什么时候是最忙的时候及哪一个员工最有效率,这帮助老板在工作上做出相应的安排。

And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufactures for similar reasons.
翻译:此外他们还能确定理想的顾客群以便进行促销活动。
加下划线词汇的翻译:首选的    促销的,增进的    运动;战役    信赖,依赖

Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.
加下划线词汇的翻译:强调;着重    追踪    现存;现有存货     未加工的
翻译:计算机分析的营销报告可以帮助人们分析哪些商品重点生产,哪些商品以后生产,哪些商品停产。计算机还能追踪库存,现有的原材料,甚至还能追踪生产过程。

57.The phrase “ring up sales”(Line 3,Paragraph.2) most probably means “__B__”.
[A]make an order of goods
[B]record sales on a cash register
[C]call the sales manager
[D]keep track of the goods in stock

Numerous other commercial enterprises,from theaters to magazine publishers,from gas and electric utilities to milk processors,bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
加下划线词汇的翻译:功能;公共事业公司  加工;加工机/人
翻译:许多其他商业企业,从剧院到杂志社,从燃气公司到牛奶加工场,通过计算机的使用为消费者带来了更好更有效的服务。

58.What is this passage mainly about?B
[A]approaches to the commercial use of computers. 方法
[B]Conveniences brought about by computers in business. 引起,实现
[C]Significance of automation in commercial enterprises. 意义,重要性
[D]Advantages of credit cards in business.

方法总结:

先读题干
美国经济体制是围绕私营企业,在以市场为导向的经济基础上所建立起来的,在这个经济体制下要生产什么很大程度上是消费者通过到市场花钱购买他们所需要的商品和服务来决定的。
为了获取利润,私营企业主在与其他人竞争中生产这些产品,并且因为有了逐利的动力,而且还有了在竞争压力下运营,他们很大程度上决定了商品和服务是怎么生产的。
因此,在美国经济体制中是由消费者的个人追求、商人追求利润的最大化以及购买力最大化共同决定了该生产什么和如何利用资源来生产这些商品。
在市场经济中一个重要的因素是一个的机制,通过这个机制消费者的需求可以表达出来,而且生产者通过这个机制可以对消费者的需求做出反应。
在美国经济体制中,这一机制是由价格体制实现的,价格随着消费者的相对需求和生产者的波动情况上下浮动。
如果商品供不应求,价格会上升,一些消费者会排挤这个市场。如果某种产品大量生产导致了成本的下降,那么产销者提供的产品的量就会上升,这样产品价格就会下降,更多的消费者就会购买这样的产品。因此,价格就是美国经济体制中调节的机制。
私有制经济中的一个重要因素是允许个人拥有生产资料(私有财产),他们还允许雇佣劳动力,控制资源,通过生产产品和服务来获取利益。
在美国经济体制中,拥有私人财产的概念不仅包括生产资料所有制还包括产品价格的决定权,与其他私有个体签约权。
一亿一千三百万的美国人手中至少持有一家银行的信用卡。信用卡可以给持有人自动的信贷关系在商店,饭店,宾馆,当地,国内甚至国外,信用卡还可以使他们得到银行提供的其他服务。越来越多的信用卡可以被自动读取,持卡人可以在不同的地方存款和取款,不关本地的银行是否开门营业。
计算机给消费者提供这些方便的同时,也为商家提供很多好处。电子收银机能记录 他可以做各种记录,包括谁卖了什么,什么时候和卖给谁。这些信息,通过显示商品的种类和销售的速度使商家能追踪和记录商品清单。就可以做出对商品再订购或是返厂的决定。
同时这些电脑还能记录什么时候是最忙的时候及哪一个员工最有效率,这帮助老板在工作上做出相应的安排。
此外他们还能确定理想的顾客群以便进行促销活动。计算机分析的营销报告可以帮助人们分析哪些商品重点生产,哪些商品以后生产,哪些商品停车。计算机还能追踪库存,现有的原材料,甚至还能追踪生产过程。

【同系列其他课程回顾视频】

考研英语阅读理解(1994-1999真题)第二讲
考研英语阅读理解(1994-1999真题)第三讲
考研英语阅读理解(1994-1999真题)第四讲

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