考研英语阅读命题思路透析和真题揭秘(37)

It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors' names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.

No longer. The Internet-and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it- is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.

The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.

This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.

26. In the first paragraph, the author discusses
[A] the background information of journal editing.
[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports.
[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers.
[D] the traditional process of journal publication.

[答案] B

[解题思路]

本题对应于文章第一段。该段指出，"A journal editor would then remove the authors' names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it"（这家刊物的编辑会抹去文章的作者和所在机构，然后把文章寄给这些研究人员的同行们进行审阅。编辑会根据得到的审阅评论而决定是否发表这篇文章）。很明显，此段讲述的是实验室报告的出版程序。选项A刊物编辑的背景信息、选项C作者与出版商的关系、以及选项D刊物出版的传统流程等选项都未能准确概括本段的含义。

[题目译文]

在文章第一段中，作者讨论了
[A] 期刊编辑的背景信息
[B] 实验报告的出版程序
[C] 作者们与期刊出版商的关系
[D] 期刊出版的传统流程

27. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?
[A] It criticizes government-funded research.
[B] It introduces an effective means of publication.
[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers.
[D] It benefits scientific research considerably.

[答案] C

[解题思路]

本题的对应信息在文章的第二段。该段第二句话指出"The Internet-and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it- is making access to scientific results a reality"（网络--那些提供资金的机构也在施压，他们质疑为什么商业运作的刊物能够通过限制政府投资的研究得到其资源而赚钱--使得阅读科学研究的成果变为现实），而下一句话指出OECD的报告正是关于这个内容的，因此A选项不符合原文的意思，因为批评的不是政府资助的研究，而是那些期刊。B也选项与原文不符，可以排除。D选项提高的内容与该报告无关。C选项则对应于该段第四句话"makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits"（其内容使得那些到目前为止利润丰厚的出版商们都非常汗颜），因此可见正确答案为C选项。

[题目译文]

下面的哪一项正确地描述了OECD的报告？
[A] 该报告批评了政府资助的研究。
[B] 该报告介绍了一种有效的出版方式。
[C] 该报告让以盈利为目的的刊物出版商们感到担忧。
[D] 该报告在很大程度上使得科学研究获益。

29. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to
[A] cover the cost of its publication.
[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it.
[C] allow other online journals to use it freely.
[D] complete the peer-review before submission.

[答案] A

[解题思路]

本题对应于最后一段的第三句话"There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published"（第二种是开放式出版模型，这种方式的典型特点就是要求作者（或其雇主）付钱发表文章），很显然A选项是正确答案。其他三个选项都与对应信息无关。

[题目译文]

在开放式出版模型下，论文作者们被要求
[A] 支付出版的成本
[B] 订购出版该文章的期刊
[C] 允许其他期刊免费使用其论文
[D] 在提交之前完成文章的同事评审