考研英语新题型训练（1）

Part B 观点与例证

Directions:
You are going to read a text about the advantages of drinking water, followed by a list of choices. Choose the most suitable one from the list A～F for each numbered subheading (1～5).
There is one extra choice which you do not need to use.

Water is a fundamental part of our lives. It is easy to forget how
completely we depend on it. Human survival is dependent on water-water
has been ranked by experts as second only to oxygen as essential for life.
The average adult body is 55 to 75% water. 2/3 of your body weight is
water (40 to 50 quarts). A human embryo is more than 80% water.
A newborn baby is 74% water. Everyday your body must replace 2 1/2
quarts of water. The Water you drink literally becomes you! Since such
a large percentage of our bodies is water, water must obviously figure
heavily in how our bodies function. We need lots of fresh water to stay
healthy. Aside from aiding in digestion and absorption of food, water
regulates body temperature and blood circulation, carries nutrients and
oxygen to cells, and removes toxins and other wastes. This "body water"
also cushions joints and protects tissues and organs, including the spinal
cord, from shock and damage. Conversely, lack of water (dehydration)
can be the cause of many ailments. In his book, Your Body's Many Cries
for Water, Dr. Fereydoon Batmanghelidj noted that chronic dehydration
may cause certain problems for the body, including hypertension, asthma,
allergies, and migraine headaches.

Every process in our body occurs in a water medium. We can exist without
food for 2 months or more, but we can only survive for a few days without water.

(1)Water is better than other beverages.

There is a difference between drinking pure water & beverages that
contain water. Fruit juice, soft drinks, coffee, etc., may contain substances
that are not healthy, & actually contradict some of the positive effects of
the added water. Other Beverages also contain dehydrating agents. They
may actually reduce the water reserves in the body! Drinking other beverages
to the exclusion of water also causes you to lose your taste for water.
This is particularly true with children as they become dependent on Sodas & juices.

(2)Water can improve people's Metabolic rate.

Water is the solvent of the body & it regulates all functions, including the
activity of everything it dissolves & circulates.

(3) Water can help people in weight loss.

Water plays a major part in weight loss. Since water contains no calories,
it can serve as an appetite suppressant, and helps the body metabolize
stored fat, it may possibly be one of the most significant factors in
losing weight. Dehydration leads to excess body fat, poor muscle tone & size,
decreased digestive efficiency & organ function, increased toxicity,
joint & muscle soreness, & water retention. Water works to keep muscles
and skin toned.

(4) Water can benefit people's Digestive System.

Constipation(便秘) is a frequent symptom of dehydration. Increased water,
along with increased fiber, will usually totally eliminate a problem.

(5) Water lubricates our joints

The cartilage(软骨) tissues found at the ends of long bones & between
the vertebrae(椎骨) of the spine hold a lot of water, which serves as a
lubricant during the movement of the joint. Rheumatoid(患风湿症的) joint
pain frequently decreases with increased water intake & flexing exercises
to bring more circulation to the joints.

[A] The digestion of solid foods depends on the presence of copious
amounts of water. Acids & enzymes in the stomach break the food
down into a homogenized fluid state which can pass into the intestine
for the next phase of digestion. An "acid stomach" will respond to hydration.
Gastritis (胃炎), duodenitis (十二指肠炎), pain from ulcers(溃疡) (as long as
the ulcer is not perforated), & heartburn all decrease with increased water
intake. Water eliminates toxins & waste from the body.

[B] An active, athletic person needs 2/3 ounce per pound which is 13-14.8
ounce glasses a day if you're 160 pounds. The more you exercise the more
water you need. Spread out your water intake throughout the day. Do not
drink more than 4 glasses within any given hour.

[C] Water is the medium for various enzymatic & chemical reactions in the body.
It moves nutrients, hormones, antibodies, & oxygen through the blood
stream & lymphatic system. The proteins & enzymes of the body function
more efficiently in solutions of lower viscosity.

[D] Caffeinated beverages stimulate the adrenal glands(肾上腺) and act as
diuretics, robbing your body of necessary water. Soft drinks contain
phosphorus which can lead to depletion of bone calcium. Soda contains sodium.
Fruit juices contain a lot of sugar & stimulate the pancreas. These drinks may
tax the body more than they cleanse it. A 12 ounce can of regular soda
contains the equivalent of 9 teaspoons of sugar and loads of empty calories.

[E] In the article "Water Bearers", (Shape magazine) Elizabeth Austin notes
that "water is the single most important nutrient you take in every day.
It's fat-free, cholesterol-free, low in sodium, and completely without calories.
" Also, drinking more water helps to reduce water retention by stimulating
your kidneys. Studies have recommended that if you are overweight
according to average height and weight comparison charts, you should
add one glass of water to your daily requirement (of eight glasses) for
every 25 pounds over your recommended weight.

[F] When the cartilage is hydrated, the two opposing surfaces glide freely,
& friction damage is minimal. If the cartilage is dehydrated, the rate of
"abrasive" damage is increased, resulting in joint deterioration & increased
pain. The actively growing blood cells in the bone marrow take priority over
the cartilage for the available water that goes through the bone structure.

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