黑暗版阅读真题解析1996Text 5

难句解析：

①The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life.
▲句子的主干结构是The goal... will be to try to explain...，其中explain后面接的是双宾语：explain to sb. sth.，这里sth.是that引导的宾语从句：there are not...。
△all指代上文提到的书籍，要注意origin和evolution是并列的，而universe和life是并列的。而confused和unenlightened也是并列的。

②"Scientific" creationism, which is being pushed by some for "equal time" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.
▲句子的主体结构是... creationism is based... on religion, not science。其中which引导了一个非限定性定语从句which is being pushed by some for "equal time" in the classroom...修饰creationism，在这一定语从句中，whenever引导了一个时间状语从句：whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given。
△首先要理解非限定性定语从句的用法，另外，在阅读中可以先跳过非限定性定语从句，只看句子的主干。

③In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.
▲第一句话的主体结构是... he takes off... and gives...，第二句是and连接的两个并列句。在第二个分句中，前面插入了一个介词词组：for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists。其中unfamiliar相当于省略了who are的定语从句，修饰those。
△第一句话中，作者把写书比喻成拳击，因而要抨击神造说/特创论的时候，用了takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating这样的句子。第二句中，关键要弄清楚，their programs and tactics，their deception and distortion中的两个their指代的都是creationists，而不是指那些对神造论者的处事方式不熟悉的人。

④On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: "This book stands for reason itself." And so it does - and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.
▲第一句话中是主语+谓语动词+直接引语。第二句表示对第一句中的观点的赞同，破折号后作进一步解释；其中隐含一个if引导的状语从句表示虚拟语气。在正式的文体中，倒装可以用来代替if引导的表示假设的状语从句。were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate相当于if reason were the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate。
△注意so it does的用法：so+主语+助动词，表示对前面表述的观点的赞同，注意这一结构与so+助动词+主语结构的区别。后者表示"也"的意思，只用在肯定句当中。另外应注意破折号后解释部分中的条件句里时态的运用：if条件状语从句中使用过去时were，主句中用过去将来时would do，是作出与现在事实相反的假设。