黑暗版阅读真题解析1996Text 3
重点词汇：
bureaucracy /bjuE5rCkrEsi/ （官僚主义；官僚机构；官僚）即bureau+cracy，bureau（署，局，司，处），cracy词根"统治"；参democracy，2000年Passage 5。Bureaucracy is a giant mechanism operated by pygmies.官僚政治是一种由侏儒操纵的庞大机构。bureaucracy - ①a continuing congregation of people who must act more or less as one ②the only form of human organization that can manage to pass a hot potato through a small crack ③the art of making the possible impossible 官僚主义--①一群人不断聚集在一起，因为他们多少必须像一个人那样行事 ②唯一一种能够通过小裂缝传递土豆的人类组织形式 ③变可能为不可能的艺术。
spoil /spCil/ （v.损害；溺爱）看作sp+oil，sp即缩写"专家"，oil石油，"专家溺爱石油"。We drink one another's healthes and spoil our own.我们为彼此的健康干杯而损害自身的健康。When you "spoil" a child you are practically saying, "I know you aren't capable of being civilized and considerate and contributing and I won't expect it of you.""宠"孩子的时候，你实际上是在说："我知道要你有教养、为人着想和奉献都是做不到的，我也不指望你做到。"
collectivism /kE5lektivizEm/ （集体主义）←collect+iv(e)后缀+ism后缀表"主义"。
municipal /mju(:)5nisipEl/ （市的；市立的）与principal（首要的；负责人；本金）一起记；municipality /mju:7nisi5pAliti/ （自治市；市政当局）←municipal+ity名词后缀。Our principal writers have nearly all been fortunate in escaping regular education.我们的大作家们几乎都幸运地躲过了正规教育。←注意例句是principal而不是municipal。
taxpayer /5tAks7peiE/ （纳税人）←tax+payer。taxpayer - someone who works for the federal government but doesn't have to take a civil service examination 纳税人--为联邦政府工作，却不必参加文职雇员考试的人。
detach /di5tAtF/ （v.分开）即de+tach，de-前缀"离开"，tach词根"连接"。同根词为attach（v.缚上；使依附）←at(=to)+tach。Every scene, even the commonest, is wonderful, if only one can detach oneself, casting off all memory of use and custom and beholding it as if for the first times.生活中的每个情景，甚至最普通的一幕，都是奇妙的--只要一个人能够离开自我，抛弃对习惯的全部记忆，就像第一次一样观察。
dividend /5dividend/ （股息；红利；被除数）即divid(e)+end，divide分开，-end后缀表物，"从整体中分出的一部分"→红利。dividends - hush money to shareholders 股息--给股东的封口钱。
patriarchal /7peitri5B:kEl/ （家长的）即patri+arch+al，patri词根"父"，arch词根"统治"，-al形容词后缀。另可记patriot（爱国者）←patri+ot后缀表人。
render /5rendE/ （v.使得；提供）。Nothing in the world renders a man indispensable save love.世上唯有爱能够使一个人变得不可缺少。The service we render to others is really the rent we pay for our room on this earth.我们向别人提供的服务实在是为自己在这个世界上的住所付出的租金。
discipline /5disiplin/ （纪律；学科v.训练）即dis+cipl+ine，dis-(=apart)，cipl(=cip)词根"抓"（前文已多次述及），-ine后缀，"培养抓出东西的能力"→纪律或训练。Freedom is a way of life which requires authority, discipline, and government of its own kind.自由是一种生活方式，它需要权威、纪律，以及具有自由本身性质的统治。discipline - ①remembering what you want ②the bridge between goals and accomplishment ③the refining fire by which talent becomes ability 磨练--①记住你需要什么 ②目标与成就之间的桥梁 ③使天赋变成能力的冶炼炉火。
lockout /5lCkaut/ 指雇主为促使与工人达成协议而强制性关闭工厂。
negotiation /ni7^EuFi5eiFEn/ （谈判）谐音"你狗献爱心"←"谈判"的目的是让你的狗献爱心；动词形式为negotiate。Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.永远不要在谈判时忘记惧怕，而要永远不惧怕谈判。
