文都：2008年英语强化写作核心要点

第二部分、写作整体构建模式

考研英语写作的文章一般包括一个开头段、若干扩展段和一个结尾段。开头段和结尾段一般比扩展段短。各种段落的作用、特点和写作方法如下所示。

一、开头段
开头段一定要语言精练，并且直接切入主题。开头段一般不对主题进行深入的探讨，具体的论证或叙述应该在扩展段进行。

开头段的常用核心句型

　　1．The arguer may be right about..., but he seems to neglect （fail） to mention （takes into account） the fact that....

　 2．As opposed to （Contrary to） widely （commonly / generally） held （accepted） belief （ideas / views）, I believe （argue） that...

　　3．Although many people believe that..., I doubt （wonder）whether the argument bears much analysis （close examination）.

　　4．The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we gained from （carry more weight than those of / are much greater than） A.

　　5．Although it is commonly （widely / generally） held （felt / accepted / agreed） that..., it is unlikely to be true that....

　　6．There is an element of truth in this argument （statement）, but it ignores a deeper and more basic （important / essential） fact （reason） that....

　　7．It is true that （True, / To be sure, / Admittedly,）..., but this is not to say （it is unlikely / it doesn't follow / it doesn't mean / it won't be the case） that....

    8．The main （obvious / great） problem （flaw / drawback） with （in） this argument （view / remark） is that it is ignorant of （blind to） the basic （bare） fact that....

　　9．It would be possible （natural / reasonable） to think （believe / take the view） that..., but it would be absurd （wrong） to claim （argue） that....

　　10．In all the discussion and debate over..., one important （basic） fact is generally overlooked （neglected）.

　　11．There is absolutely （in fact） no （every） reason for us to believe （accept / resist / reject） that....

　　12．Logical （Valid / Sound） as this argument and I wholeheartedly agree with it, it appears insignificant （absurd） when...is taken into consideration（account）.

　　13．To assume （suggest） that...is far from being proved （to miss the point）.

　　14．A close （careful） inspection （examination / scrutiny） of this argument would reveal how flimsy （groundless /fallacious） it is.

　　15．On the surface （At first thought）, it （this） may seem a sound （an attractive） suggestion （solution / idea）, but careful weighing on the mind （on closer analysis / on second thought）, we find that...

　　16．Too much emphasis placed on （attention paid to / importance attached to）...may obscure （overlook / neglect） other facts....

　　17．The danger （problem / fact / truth / point） is that....

　　18．What the arguer fails to understand （consider / mention） is that....

　　19．However just （logical / sound / valid） this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem.

　　20．Among the most convincing （important） reasons given （cited / offered / identified） by people for..., one should be stressed （emphasized / mentioned）.

　　21．As far as I am concerned, however, I believe that....

　　22．I believe that the title statement is valid because （of）....

　　23．I agree with the above statement because I believe that....

　　24．Although I appreciate that..., I cannot agree with the title statement.

　　25．There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of.... Those who object to...argue that.... But people who favor..., on the other hand, argue that....

　　26．Currently （In recent years / In the past few years / For many years now）, there is （has been） a（n） general （widespread / growing / widely held） feeling towards （concern over / attitude towards / trend towards / awareness of / realization of / illusion of / belief in）....

　　27．Now it is commonly （widely / generally / increasingly） believed （thought / held / accepted/ felt / recognized / acknowledged） that.... But I wonder （doubt） whether....

　　28．These days we are often told that （often hear about）..., but is this really the case?

二、中间段

　　中间段是文章的正文，其作用是从不同的层面对文章主题进行具体和详实的解释和论证。

　　1、中间段的一般特征
　　① 篇幅一般比开头段和结尾段长。
　　② 每段有相应的主题句。
　　③包含定义、解释、描写，说明主题思想的扩展句可以采用实例、数据或个人经历等写作手段。
　　④不同种类的段落采用不同的扩展手段。

　　中间段的常用核心句型

　　1．Although the popular belief is that..., a current （new / recent） study （survey / poll / investigation） indicates （shows / demonstrates） that....

　　2．Common sense tells us that....

　　3．The increase （change / failure / success） in...mainly （largely / partly） results from （arises from / is because of）....

　　4．The increase （change / failure / success） in...is due to （owing to / attributable to） the fact that....

　　5．Many people would claim that....

　　6．One may attribute （ascribe / owe） the increase （decrease / change ） to..., but...is not by itself an adequate explanation.

　　7．One of the reasons given for...is that....

　　8．What is also worth noticing is that....

　　9．There are many （different / several /a number of / a variety of）causes （reasons） for this dramatic （marked / significant） growth （change / decline / increase） in.... First,.... Second,.... Finally,....

　　10．There is no evidence to suggest that....

　　11．Why are （is / do / did）...? For one thing,.... For another,....

　　12．Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that....

　　13．It gives rise to （lead to / bring /create） a host of problems （consequences）.

　　14．There are numerous reasons why..., and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones.

　　15．It will exert （have / produce） profound （far-reaching / remarkable / considerable / beneficial / favorable / undesirable / disastrous） effect （influence） on....

　　16．A multitude of factors could account for （contribute to / lead to / result in / influence） the change （increase / decrease / success / failure / development） in....

　　17．In 2000, it increased （rose / jumped / shot up） from 5 to 10 percent of the total （to 15 percent / by 15 percent）.

　　18．By comparison with 2002, it decreased （dropped / fell） from 10 to 5 percent （to 15 percent / by 15 percent）.

　　19．It accounts for 15 percent of the total.

　　20．There were 100 traffic accidents in April, an increase of 5 percent in a five-month period.
　　21．By 2002, only （less than / more than / almost / about / over/ as many as） three quarters （40 percent of / one out of five / one in four） college population （graduates / housewives） as against （as compared with） last year （2002） preferred to （liked）....

　 22．With the development （improvement / rise / growth / general recognition / acknowledgement / realization） of..., vast changes awaits this country's society. 

   23．Now people in growing （ever-increasing / significant） numbers are beginning （coming / getting） to believe （realize / recognize / understand / accept / see / be aware） that....

　　24．According to a（n） recent （new / official） study （survey / report / poll）,....

　　25．History （Our society） is filled （abounds） with the examples of....

　　26．The story （case / instance / situation） is not rare （isolated / unique）, it is one of many examples （typical of dozens）.

　　27．A （one） recent （new / general / nationwide） study （survey / poll / investigation） conducted （taken） at a university by （officials / scientists / experts） indicates （reveals / suggests / shows / proves / demonstrates） that....

　　28．According to （As can be seen in / As is shown in） the figures （statistics / findings / data / graph / table） released （provided） by the government （an institute）, it can be learned （seen / predicted） that....

　　29．There is （no） good （every / little / sufficient / considerable / strong） evidence （proof） to

　　30．Personal experience （Examples I heard / read of） leads me to conclude that....

　　31．We must admit the undeniable fact that....

　　32．No one can deny （ignore / doubt / overlook / obscure / brush aside） the fact that....

　　33．Experience （Evidence） suggests （shows） that....

　　34．Take for example...who （that）....

　　35．The same is true of....

    36．As the saying goes,"...."

三、结尾段

　　结尾段的核心句型

　　1．From what has been discussed above （Taking into account all these factors / Judging from all evidence offered）, we may safely draw （reach / come to / arrive at） the conclusion that....

　　2．All the evidence （analysis） supports （justifies / confirms / warrants / points to） a（n） unshakable （unmistakable / sound / just） conclusion that....

　　3．It is high time that we place （lay / put） great （special / considerable） emphasis on the improvement （development / increase / promotion） of....

　　4．It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated （unhealthy / undesirable / deplorable） situation （tendency / phenomenon） of....

　　5．We must look （search / call / cry） for an immediate action （method / measure）, because the present （current） situation （phenomenon / tendency / state / attitude） of..., if permitted （allowed） to continue （proceed）, will surely （certainly） lead to （result in） the end （destruction / heavy cost） of....

　　6．There is no easy （immediate / effective） solution （approach / answer / remedy） to the problem of..., but...might be useful （helpful / beneficial）.

　　7．No easy method （solution / recipe / remedy） can be at hand （found / guaranteed） to solve （resolve / tackle） the problem of..., but the common （general / public） recognition of （realization of / awareness of / commitment to） the necessity （importance / significance） of...might be the first step towards change （on the right way / in the right direction）.

　　8．Following these methods （suggestions） may not guarantee the success in （solution to）..., but the pay-off will be worth the effort.

　　9．Obviously （Clearly / No doubt）, if we ignore （are blind to） the problem, there is every chance that....

　　10．Unless there is a common realization of （general commitment to）..., it is very likely （the chances are good） that....

　　11．There is little doubt （no denying） that serious （special / adequate / immediate / further） attention must be called （paid / devoted） to the problem of....

　　12．It is necessary （essential / fundamental） that effective （quick / proper） action （steps /measures / remedies） should be taken to prevent （correct /check / end / fight） the situation （tendency / phenomenon）.

　　13．It is hoped （suggested / recommended） that great （continuous / persistent / sustained / corporate） efforts should be made to control （check/ halt / promote） the growth （increase / rise） of....

　　14．It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to （expended on / focused on） finding （developing / improving）....

　　15．It remains to be seen whether..., but the prospect （outlook） is not quite encouraging （that rosy）.

　　16．Anyhow, wider （more） education （publicity） should be given to the possible （potential / grave /serious / pernicious） consequences （effects） of....

　　17．To reverse （check / control） the trend （tendency） is not a light task （an easy job）, and it requires （demands / involves / entails） a different state of mind towards （attitude towards / outlook on）....

　　18．For these reasons, I strongly recommend that....

　　19．For the reasons given above, I feel that....

四、段落扩展中的常用词语

　　1、总结关系过渡词语

　　generally speaking, generally, as a general rule, in general, on a larger scale, to take the idea further, to take the above opinion to an extreme, in a sense, in one sense, in a way, to some extent, in my opinion, in my view, as for me, as far as I am concerned, obviously, undoubtedly, in terms of, in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, in a word, on the whole, to sum up, to conclude

　　2、比较对比关系过渡词语

　　similarly, likewise, like, too, equally important, the same as, in common, in the same way, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, in sharp contrast, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead, in/by contrast, but, however, yet, nevertheless

　　3、列举关系过渡词语

　　for example, for instance, as an example, as a case in point, such as, namely, that is, like, thus, first, second, third, finally, in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, to start with, what is more, furthermore, eventually, besides, in addition （to that）, first and foremost, last but not least, next, also, moreover, for one thing, for another

　　4、因果关系过渡词语

　　because （of）, as, since, for, owing to, due to, thanks to, on account of, as a result of, result in （from）, consequently, for the reason that, as a consequence, consequently, if follows that, accordingly, therefore, hence

　　5、让步关系过渡词语

　　although, even though, after all, in spite of, despite, granted that

　　6、强调关系过渡词语

    anyway, certainly, surely, obviously, to be sure, especially, particularly, above all, in deed, in fact, even worse, needless to say, most important of all, no doubt