黑暗版阅读真题解析1999 Text 3

重点词汇：

radical /5rAdikEl/ （根本的；重要的；激进的）即radi+cal，radi词根"根"，-cal形容词后缀；副词为radically /5rAdikEli/ ←radi+cal+ly。因为植物的"根"呈放射状排列，故radi作词根时亦表"放射"，如：radiate→radi+ate动词后缀→辐射；radium→radi+um后缀表"元素"→有放射性质的元素→镭；radius→radi+us后缀表"物"→从圆心放射出来的东西→半径。I never dared be radical when young for fear it would make me conservative when old.我年轻时从来不敢激进，因为害怕那会使我年老时保守。radical - ①anyone whose opinion differs from yours ②a person whose left hand does not know what his other left hand is doing 激进分子--①任何与你持不同观点的人 ②一个他的左手不知道他的另一只左手在干什么的人。

conception /kEn5sepFEn/ （概念；构想）是conceive（v.构想）的名词形式，参perceive（察觉；感知），2002年Text 2；concept /5kCnsept/ （概念）。In the last analysis, it is our conception of death which decides our answers to all the questions that life puts to us.归根结底，是对死亡的看法决定了我们对生活所提出的一切问题的回答。No theory is as good as experience. No concept is as good as facts.理论不等于实践。概念不等于事实。

forsake /fE5seik/ （v.抛弃）可看作for+sake，联想：为了(for)什么缘故(sake)而"抛弃"(forsake)我？←因考研而被女友抛弃的周星星说：给个理由先！To abstain from sin when a man cannot sin is to be forsaken by sin, not forsake it.在无法犯罪时放弃犯罪是被罪行抛弃，而非抛弃罪行。

betray /bi5trei/ （v.背叛；泄露）可看作be+tray，be是，tray盘子，"是已经和盘托出了"→泄露（若向敌人"泄露"则为"背叛"）。When we fail our pride supports us, when we succeed, it betrays us.失败时自尊支撑着我们，成功时它使我们露出本来面目。There is nothing in which people more betray their character than in what they laugh at.你对之发笑的事物最能出卖你的性格。

pessimism /5pesimizm/ （悲观；悲观主义）参pessimistic（悲观的），2001年Passage 4。pessimism - ①a luxury a Jew can never allow himself ②the wisdom of the experienced 悲观--①犹太人决不会允许自己享受的一种奢侈品 ②有经验者的智慧。

presumptuous /pri5zQmptjuEs/ （专横的，自以为是的）看作presumpt(ion)假设+uous形容词后缀，"只凭假设就给人下结论的"→自以为是的。

acquaintance /E5kweintEns/ （认识；熟人）即ac+quaint+ance，ac-否定前缀，quaint离奇的（俞敏洪说：把quai看作guai，音"怪"），-ance名词后缀，"不奇怪"→见怪不怪→已经认识的→熟人。I look upon every day to be lost, in which I do not make a new acquaintance.哪一天不新结识一个人，我就把那一天视为虚度。acquaintance - ①somebody you nod to if he nods first ②a degree of friendship called slight when the object is poor or obscure, and intimate when he is rich or famous ③a person whom we know well enough to borrow money from but not well enough to lend to 熟人--①如果他先对你点头，你也会对他点头的人 ②某种程度的友谊，如果对方穷困或无名则称之为无足轻重，如果对方有钱或知名则称之为亲密无间 ③一个我们熟悉到可以向他借钱，但没有熟悉到可以借钱给他的人。

complementary /kRmplE5mentEri/ （补充的；互补的）←complement（v.n.补充；补足物）+ary形容词后缀。compliment（v.n.恭维）与complement一字母之差，i像一支燃烧的蜡烛→拿着蜡烛在神灵面前→"恭维"，e想成维生素E→"补充"维生素E。Guilt always hurries towards its complement, punishment; only there does its satisfaction lie.罪行总是匆匆赶向它的补充--惩罚，只有在那里它才能得到满足。

dubiously /5dju:bjEsli/ （可疑地；怀疑地）←dub+ious+ly，dub怀疑=doubt，-ious形容词后缀，-ly副词后缀。

reformatory /ri5fC:mEtEri/ （改革的）←reform改革+atory后缀。To reform a man is a tedious and uncertain labour; hanging the sure work of a minute.改造人是冗长而无把握的工作，绞刑则是举手之劳。Every man is a reformer until reform tramps on his toes.每个人在改革降临其身之前都是改革者。

disguise /dis5^aiz/ （v.n.假装，伪装）可看作dis+gui+s+e，dis-否定前缀，gui拼音"鬼"，s复述词尾，e小词，以蒲松龄《聊斋志异》联想：真正的鬼总是要伪装(disguise)自己，说自己不是(dis)鬼(gui)。Praise undeserved is satire in disguise.溢美之词是披着伪装的讽刺。Opportunities are usually disguised as hard work, so most people don't recognize them.机会通常伪装成艰苦的工作，所以大多数人认不出它们。

auxiliary /C:^5ziljEri/ （辅助的）即aux+iliary，aux词根"增加"（同aug，如augment→aug增加+ment后缀→v.增加），-iliary形容词后缀，"起增加作用的"→辅助的。

highlight /5hailait/ （v.使显著n.最重要的部分）即high+light，用高(high)强度的光(light)照某物体→使显著。

on behalf of 为......的利益；go to the heart of 涉及......的核心问题。