黑暗版阅读真题解析1999 Text 1

重点词汇：

compensate /5kCmpEnseit/ （补偿，赔偿）看作com+pens+ate，com-前缀"一起"，pens钢笔，-ate动词后缀，"把钢笔全都给你"→赔偿；名词形式为compensation /kCmpen5seiFEn/ ←com+pens+ation名词后缀。True tragedy may be defined as a dramatic work in which the outward failure of the principal personage is compensated for by the dignity and greatness of his character.真正的悲剧可以这样定义：一部剧作，剧中主人公的表面失败由其人格的高贵伟大予以补偿。

misfortune /mis5fC:tFEn/ （不幸；灾难）←mis+fortune，mis-否定前缀，fortune（运气；财产）见2003年Text 3。No misfortune can be as great as the loss of time.再大的不幸也比不上时间的损失。misfortune - the gift you receive after you criticize your superior in public 不幸--当众批评上司后收到的礼物。

anticipate /An5tisipeit/ （预料，期望）即anti+cip+ate，anti-前缀"先前的"（如antique→anti+que后缀→古老的；古玩），cip词根"抓"（参participation，2001年Passage 1），-ate动词后缀，于是"在事情发生之前就在脑子里将其抓住"→预料。What we anticipate seldom occurs; what we lest expected generally happens.我们所预料的事很少发生，最预料不到的事却往往出现。

stepladder /5steplAdE/ （一种通常在顶端有个小平台的活动梯子）←step台阶+ladder梯子。

interaction /7intEr5AkFEn/ （互相作用）←inter互相+act作用+ion名词后缀。It is the interaction of his personality and period that results in the formation of a composer's style.作曲家风格的形成，是其个性与时代相互作用的结果。

regulation /re^ju5leiFEn/ （调整；校准；规章）即regul+ation，regul词根"规则"=rule（如regular→定期的；规则的），-ation名词后缀；动词形式为regulate（调整；校准；管制）←regul+ate。The use of travelling is to regulate imagination by reality, and instead of thinking how things may be, to see them as they are.旅行的价值在于用显示校正想象，目睹事物的本来面目，而非臆想它们可能如何。regulation - the substitution of error for chance 规则--用错误代替变化。

defendant /di5fendEnt/ （辩护的；被告）←defend（防卫；辩护）+ant后缀。I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.我不同意你说的话，但我愿誓死捍卫你说这话的权力。←这是18世纪法国启蒙运动领袖伏尔泰(Voltaire)的名言。

recommendation /7rekEmen5deiFEn/ （推荐）即re+commend+ation，re-反复，commend称赞，-ation名词后缀，联想记忆：考研辅导班上某名师反复(re)称赞(commend)某本辅导书，这一定是不怀好意的"推荐"(recommendation)。A good presence is letters of recommendation.良好的仪表就是推荐信。

guideline /5^aidlain/ （指导方针）←guide+line。

tort /tC:t/ （民事侵权行为）与torture（v.n.折磨；拷问）一起记，"折磨拷问别人是一种民事侵权行为"。

bombard /5bCmbB:d/ （v.炮轰，攻击）为象声词。

triviality /trivi5Aliti/ （琐事）←trivial琐碎的+ity名词后缀。In important matters, we expose our best sides; in trivial matter, we disclose ourselves as we really are.我们在重要的事件中显示自己最好的方面，在无关紧要的小事中露出自己的本来面目。

mention /5menFEn/ （v.n.提及）看作men+tion，"提起了男人"。One measure of friendship consists not in the number of things friends can discuss, but in the number of things they need no longer mention.友谊的尺度之一不在于朋友们可以讨论的事情的数量，而在于他们无须再提及的事情的数量。

oblige /E5blaidV/ （v.迫使，责成）。My ideal of a picture is that every part of it should oblige the looker-on who has any real sense for a whole to see the rest.我理想中的画是这样的：它的每个部分都会促使具有任何真正整体感的观者去看其余的部分。

indifferent /in5difErEnt/ （冷漠的；不积极的）即in+different，in-否定前缀，different不同，"无论怎样都感觉不到什么不同"→漠不关心的。The worst sin towards our fellow creatures is not to hate them, but to be indifferent to them; that's the essence of inhumanity.我们对作为同类的其他人所犯下的最大罪过不是憎恨，而是漠不关心，那是不近人情的本质。The true secret of giving advice is, after you have honestly given it, to be perfectly indifferent whether it is taken or not, and never persist in trying to set people right.提出忠告的真正秘诀在于：诚心诚意地提出之后，就不再关注它是否被采纳，并且决不固执己见地要求别人按自己的意见行事。

objective /Eb5dVektiv/ （客观的；目标）去e加-ity即为objectivity（客观性）。After many years I have reached the firm conclusion that it is impossible for any objective newspaperman to be a friend of a President.许多年之后，我得出了这个坚定的结论：任何客观的新闻工作者都不可能成为一个总统的朋友。objectivity - subjectivity, expressed statistically 客观性--以统计数字表达出来的主观性。