考研英语阅读命题思路透析和真题揭秘(62)

常见的前缀

1.表示否定意义的前缀

1) 纯否定前缀

a-, an-, ab-

asymmetry,  anhydrous,  abnormal

dis-

disinterested, dishonest, dislike, disability

in-, ig-, il, im, ir

inconsistent, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular, illegal

ne-, n-, non-

none, neither, never, nonsense, nobody, nowhere

neg-

neglect, negate, negligence

un-

unable, unemployment, unqualified

2)表示错误的意义

male-, mal-

malfunction, maladjustment, maladminister, maladroit, malaise

mis-

mistake, mislead, misapprehend, misarrange, misbehave

pseudo-

pseudonym, pseudoscience, pseudocode

3)表示反动作的意思

de-

defend, demodulation, deconstruction, decontrol

dis-

disarm, disconnect, disable, disaccord, disagree

un-

unload, uncover, unacknowledged, unbalanced

4)表示相反，相互对立意思

anti-, ant-

antiknock,  anti-imperialism, antibiosis

contra-, contre-, contro-

contradiction, contraceptive , controflow, contraclockwise

counter

counter-reaction, counterbalance, counter-revolutionary

ob-, oc-, of-, op-

object, oppose, occupy, opposite

with-

withdraw, withstand, withhold, without

2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀

a- 表示"在......之上"，"向......"

aboard, aside, ahead, abroad

by- 表示"附近，邻近，边侧"

bypath, bypass

circum-, circu-, 表示"周围，环绕，回转"

circumstance, circuit, circumcircle, circumference, circumfluence

de-, 表示"在下，向下"

descend, degrade, decline

en-, 表示"在内，进入"

encage, enbed

ex-, ec-, es-, 表示"外部，外"

exit, eclipse, expand, export, exotic, exterior, external

extra-, 表示"额外"

extraction, extraordinary, extraterrestrial, extravagant