考研英语主观题40分攻略(29)

来源：北航出版社 | 时间：2008-11-03 | 阅读：1205 次 | [大中小] [收藏] [划词 ]

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第二部分写作

第五章短文写作（大作文）

第三节常考题型（上）

在考研英语的短文写作中，通常考的题型有：主题句作文、提纲式作文、情景式作文和图表式作文等。

一、主题句作文

主题句作文是常见的一种题型，即给出一段的主题句，要求考生围绕该主题句展开段落。从逻辑推理上来讲，主题句作文的段落发展方法属于“演绎法”。主题句作文一般由三个段落组成，而且三段均为主体段结构。下面我们简要介绍一下主题句作文的写作技巧与方法。

（一）主题句作文的写作步骤

主题句作文的写作可依照一下步骤进行：

1 准确理解文章标题

标题是文章主题的高度概括，限定了写作范围，考生的写作应以此展开。只有准确理解文章标题，写作时才不会跑题，并把握文章的体裁。

2找准关键词，确定段落内容

段首句提供了该段的中心思想，但是为了把握段落扩展的范围和方向，为了保持和主题的一致性，考生一定要找出关键词（key words）——关键词是段落和文章的核心，文章是否切题，段落是否环环相扣，都与确定关键词有关。

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3.确定段落的发展方向

这一步就是要考虑文章的写作方法，突出主题。要根据不同的段首句选择不同的段落发展方法。主要方法有例证法、因果法、列举法、比较法、对照法。这些方法的灵活运用可以使文章脉络清晰，逻辑性强。

4.搞清段落与文章之间的关系

给出的段首句实际上是文章的大体结构和内容。因此，应通过对标题和关键词的分析来统筹各段的写作内容，避免内容的重复。各段所选择的扩充材料也应具有代表性，能够充分证明、解释主题句的内涵。

例如：Title：Radio and Other MediaTopic
sentences：(1)Nowadays there are more and more media available，but radio still plays a significant part in our life..
(2)Radio still holds our attention mentally and aurally..

(3)In my opinion，radio has not been and will never be replaced by other media..

分析：根据所提供的信息，我们首先确定短文的重点是讨论有关“广播与其他媒体”之间的关系。第一段的段首句说的是“虽然如今媒体的数量越来越多，但广播在我们的生活当中仍然占据着重要的地位”，因此我们讨论的重点应放在“广播在我们生活中的重要地位”。但第一段是起首段，所以只要提出论点就足够了，没有必要用大量的篇幅去论述。第二段的段首句说的是“广播无论从精神上还是听觉上仍然吸引着我们的注意力”，因此我们应围绕这一主题句来举例说明。第三段是“我”的看法，即“在我看来，广播从来没有，也绝不会被其他形式的媒体取代”。这一段似乎应更具体的“摆事实，讲道理”，说明原因。

提纲：

(1)Nowadays there are more and more media available，but radio still plays a significant part in our life.
1)Other media.
2)The importance of radio.
(2)Radio still holds our attention mentally and aurally.
1)Comparison of radio with other media.
2)Advantages of radio.
(3)In my opinion，radio has not been and will never be replaced by other media.(reasons).
1)First，radio is a convenient medium.
2)Second，radio provides a strong connection to the world.

3)Things in remote areas.

参考范文

Nowadays there are more and more media available,but radio still plays a significant part in our life.Television，cable and the Internet can provide services and entertainment that radio cannot offer，but it does not mean that radio has been taken by other media.Radio still inspires a loyalty that prime time programs and Web sites have not achieved.Radio is an intimate medium，like an old friend who is always there when we need him.

Radio still holds our attention mentally and aurally.Although radio cant dazzle us with visual spectacles of live programs，it embraces some qualities that other media dont possess.We can listen to a dramatic story line of a radio play without the distraction of pictures.We can close our eyes and lose ourselves in a world of sound.We can use our imagination to“see”the people we hear and to create beautiful scenery.

In my opinion，radio has not been and will never be replaced by other media.First,radio is a convenient medium.It doesnt interfere with our daily activities as much as television.We can enjoy our favorite local station while we are walking，riding our bikes or doing our laundry.We can keep informed or just listen to music without changing the pace of our daily routine.Second,radio provides a strong connection to the world.Since I have been at college，I have not been able to set aside even an hour a week for watching television or reading newspapers.I do，however，carry my Walkman in my pocket all day long.I spend most of the time between classes and on my walks listening to the radio.Thanks to my radio，I still feel like an integral part of the world.Third,in remote areas where TV is not available and where newspapers are almost impossible to obtain，a small radio can connect people to the world and prevent them from feeling isolated.(326 words)