考研英语主观题40分攻略(13)

来源：北航出版社 | 时间：2008-10-05 | 阅读：1168 次 | [大中小] [收藏] [划词 ]

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第一部分英译汉

第四章考研英译汉常用词及句型的翻译

第二节常用句型的翻译（下）

五、其他一些结构及运用

1.动词不定式的几种特殊结构的译法

(1) to begin／start with首先；

to make the matter worse更为糟糕的是；

to come未来；to tell the truth说实话；

to be sure当然；to be true说真的；

to be honest／frank(with you)老实说／坦白地说

【例1】To begin with，I would like to touch on the most sensitive question people always try to avoid.

译文：首先，我想谈谈一个我们总是在设法回避的敏感问题。

【例2】In the years to come，our country will focus our efforts on the construction of the infrastructures.

译文：在未来的几年中，我们国家将集中精力进行基础设施的建设。

【例3】To be true，a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them.

译文：诚然，一个宏伟的重建项目也许能为需要工作的人提供就业机会。

(2)“…only to+动词”结构意为“……，结果却……”,表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果。

【例】They hurried to the station only to find their train had gone five minutes before.

译文：他们匆匆赶到车站，结果却发现他们的火车已于五分钟前离开了。

2.“名词，+or+名词”结构中or后的名词是同位语，应译为“即……；或者称……例”

【例】Moreover，technology includes techniques，or ways to do things as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.

译文：再者，除机器之外技术还包括技艺，即制作方法，而运用这些技艺并不一定都需要机器。

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3.lest引导虚拟条件句的翻译

lest引导虚拟条件句，相当于for fear that，意为“以免，唯恐，免得”等意思。

【例1】We lay awake at night worrying，lest the ewes should lie on their lambs.

译文：晚上我们躺在床上，彻夜难眠地担心，唯恐母羊压在小羊的身上。

【例2】I used notes lest faulty memory should lead me astray.

译文：我翻阅了所做的笔记，免得记错了而使我误入歧途。

【例3】He ran away lest he should be seen.

译文：他因为怕被别人看见而逃跑了。(他逃跑了，唯恐被别人看见。)

【例4】They hid themselves behind some bushes lest the enemy(should)find them.

译文：他们躲在树丛后，以防被敌人发现。

4.when，while引导状语从句不表示时间的译法

【例1】The fear of need，when the pantry is full，is the thirst that cannot be satisfied.

分析：when在该句中作让步连词，意为“即使，尽管”。

译文：即使是粮食满仓，但对贫穷的恐惧会使人们渴望积蓄，难以罢休。

【例2】How can I help them to understand when they wont listen to me?

分析： when在该句中作连词用，表“原因”，但具有很强的让步意味。相当于since或 considering that。

译文：既然他们不想听我说，我怎么能帮助他们了解呢?

【例3】Therefore，while technical advances in food production and processing will perhaps be needed to ensure food availability，meeting food needs will depend much more on equalizing economic power among the various segments of populations within the developing countries themselves.

分析：while除用作时间连词外，还有“而，却，其实，反之”或“虽然，尽管”的意思。如：Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue.(简穿的是咖啡色衣服，而玛丽穿的是蓝色衣服。)

译文：因此，尽管也许需要粮食生产和加工方面的技术进步来确保粮食的来源，满足粮食需求更多的是取决于使发展中国家内部的人口各阶层具有同等的经济实力。

【例4】Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.

译文：运动是绝对的，而静止是相对的。

【例5】For far too long the average level of productivity in this country had been lower than was to expected when the quality of the labor force was considered.

译文：长期以来，如果把劳动力素质考虑进去的话，该国的生产力一直低于所预期的平均水平。

【例6】The essence of intuition，in most peoples minds，is its unpredictability；certain people just seem to see straight to the heart of a problem，while the rest of us work hard toward a solution step by step.

译文：在大多数人的心目中，直觉的本质在于它的不可预见性；有些人似乎一下子就看到了问题的核心，而其他人则要艰难地一步步找到解决办法。

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