2、Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. 【译文】学者、政策制定者和各行各业的批评者对这些变化的社会意义进行了辩论,但是几乎没有人关注次要的影响:家庭风险也增加了。 【析句】全句是一个转折句,冒号之后的成分是一个完整的句子,作the side effect的同位语。 【讲词】stripe意为"斑纹,条纹",all stripes意为all walks(各行各业)。implication表示"牵连,涉及;含意;暗示",如:his implication in the crime(他涉及这起罪行)。It is important to consider the widerimplications of making such a decision.(很有必要考虑作出这一决定的深远意义。)implication的动词是implicate。side effect通常表示药物等的副作用,在句中表示"次要的影响"。
3、As a result,they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. 【译文】因此,他们已经失去了经济困难时曾有的保障,即家中主要的挣钱人一旦失业或生病,预备挣钱人(通常是妈妈)可以加入劳动大军。 【析句】as a result作状语,表示某种结果。a back-up earner (usually Mom)在句中作the parachute的同位语,后面接一个定语从句。 【讲词】parachute的字面意思是"降落伞",但在句中表示"保障"。setback意为"挫折",financial setback表示财政或经济上的困难。primary意为"主要的;首要的",跟major,main等意思相近。如要表示"次要的",英文是secondary。earner在句中指wage earner,即挣钱人。workforce指"就业大军;劳动力(工人的总数)"。lay off意为"失业"。
4、This"added-worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. 【译文】这种"附加工人效应"可以支持失业保险或残疾保险所提供的保障制度,以帮助家庭渡过困难时期。 【析句】句子的主干是This"added-worker effect" could support the safety net,过去分词offered引导的结构作定语修饰the safety net。【讲词】add意为"增加",added可以表示"附加的",如:added value(附加值,净增值)。safety net指社会保障制度。unemployment insurance指"失业保险",disability insurance指"残疾保险"。weather在句中作动词,表示"抵御;承受;平安渡过",如:weather a crisis(渡过危机)。bad times意为"坏时光;艰苦的日子",其反义词是good times。