【写在前面】
暑假可以说是备考的黄金时间了,如何利用好这2个月的宝贵时间,全面提升各科实力,想必是诸多考研学子最想知道的事了吧。各种备考方法纷繁复杂,备考资料五花八门,如何不让这个暑假虚度呢,如何学才能更有效率呢。我想有一个方法是大家公认的,那就是做真题。数学,英语,专业课,真题都是最宝贵的资料。一天一篇真题记单词,在推出后受到了大家的认可,当然也有很多不足之处,在上学期出了20期后,暑期版隆重推出,希望能陪伴大家度过一个充实的暑假备战时期。
【真题原文】
When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an adult sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment although no one had proposed to do so--and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. That group--the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC)-has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations.
NBAC will ask that Clinton ' s 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law. But NBAC members are planning to work the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells-routine in molecular biology. The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.
In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning. " Shapiro explained during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.
NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo' s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.
NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this is-sue was still "up in the air. "
【单词讲解】
1. startle v. 震惊
2. swiftly adv. 很快地, 即刻
3. commission n. 1 委任, 委托, 代办(权), 代理(权)2 犯(罪)3 佣金 vt. 1 委任, 任命, 委托, 委托制作2 使服役
4. feverishly adv. 兴奋地
5. wisdom n. 1 智慧, 明智的行为, 学识2 名言3 贤人
6. ban n. 禁令 vt. 禁止, 取缔(书刊等)
7. indefinitely adv. 不确定地
8. restriction n. 限制, 约束
9. molecular adj. [化]分子的, 由分子组成的
10. crucial adj. 至关紧要的
11. preface n. 序文, 绪言, 前言 vi. 作序, 写前言 vt. 为...写序言, 开始
12. consensus n. 一致同意, 多数人的意见, 舆论
13. nuclear adj. [核]核子的, 原子能的, 核的, 中心的
14. stem n. 茎, 干, 词干, 茎干 v. 滋生, 阻止 vi. [美]起源, 发生[固定搭配] from stem to stern 从头到尾
15. embryo n . 胚胎, 胎儿, 胚芽 adj. 胚胎的, 初期的
16. appeal n. 1 请求, 呼吁, 上诉2 吸引力vi.求助, 诉请, 要求vt.控诉 [固定搭配] appeal to 向...呼吁[请求];诉诸(武力);appeal to sb. for 为...向某人呼吁[请求]
17. transfer n. 迁移, 移动, 传递, 转移, 调任, 转帐, 过户, 转让 vt. 转移, 调转, 调任, 传递, 转让, 改变 vi. 转移, 转学, 换车
18. impose vt. 征税, 强加, 以...欺骗 vi. 利用, 欺骗, 施影响
[固定搭配] impose on 强加于
【参考译文】
当苏格兰一个研究小组三个月前透露他们克隆了一只成年羊时,消息震动了世界,克林顿总统立即做出了反应,他宣称反对用这种特殊的畜牧技术克隆人,要求禁止使用联邦基金进行这样的研究——虽然还尚未有人提出这样做,他要求成立一个由普林斯顿校长哈罗德.夏皮罗领导的独立专家小组,就克隆人研究方面的国家政策问题拿出建议,在三个月内向白宫报告。这个名为“全球生物伦理道德顾问委员会”(NBAC)的小组一直在非常积极地工作,集思广益,写出建议;在5 月17 日的一次会议上,委员们就接近定稿的建议书达成了共识.
NBAC 将要求无限期的延长克林顿总统做出的三个月内不允许政府资助克隆人的决定,并有可能将这一决定立法。但NBAC 的成员会注意控制其内容的措辞,以免出现新的条令禁止克隆人类DNA 和细胞的试验——这类试验在分子生物学中是常见的。然后,在一个非常重要的问题上,也就是是否建议立法将私人赞助克隆人视为犯罪这一问题上,小组的意见还未达成一致。夏皮罗在5 月17 日开会讨论的建议序言草稿中表示,专家组已经取得广泛的一致意见,认为“试图利用成人细胞核克隆技术来创造人是不道德的。”
夏皮罗解释说在与会期间,对伦理道德的怀疑主要源于对婴儿健康带来危害的担忧。随后,该小组非正式地达成了几条一般的结论,尽管有些细节尚无定论。
NBAC 打算呼吁长期禁止政府资助任何企业通过人体细胞核去克隆婴儿的行为。由于现行的联邦法律已经禁止了政府资助为研究目的制造胚胎(婴儿出生前的最初阶段)或故意危害胚胎的生命,因为在胚胎试验方面NBAC 将不发表意见。
NBAC 的成员还表示,他们将呼吁由私人提供资金的研究人员和机构不要试图通过人体细胞核转移去克隆人。但是在是否进一步要求联邦立法强令彻底禁止克隆人这一问题上,他们存在分歧。夏皮罗和大多数委员赞成将此立法,但是在电话采访中,他透露这一议题仍然“悬而未决”。
【作业】
1.学习完单词后自己认真翻译原文,并将原文中红色字体部分句子的译文回帖,认真答题者奖励100HY
2.自己认真总结本篇文章的词组,长难句,可以整理在本子上(推荐),也可以跟帖总结,把每天的帖子当作你的笔记本
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