沪江考研 - 一天一篇真题记单词（27-1997 阅读TEXT5）

一天一篇真题记单词（27-1997 阅读TEXT5）

来源：沪江论坛 | 时间：2008-07-14 | 作者：quicklearner | 阅读：319 次 | [大中小] [收藏] [划词 ] 评论 0 条

【写在前面】

暑假可以说是备考的黄金时间了，如何利用好这2个月的宝贵时间，全面提升各科实力，想必是诸多考研学子最想知道的事了吧。各种备考方法纷繁复杂，备考资料五花八门，如何不让这个暑假虚度呢，如何学才能更有效率呢。我想有一个方法是大家公认的，那就是做真题。数学，英语，专业课，真题都是最宝贵的资料。一天一篇真题记单词，在推出后受到了大家的认可，当然也有很多不足之处，在上学期出了20期后，暑期版隆重推出，希望能陪伴大家度过一个充实的暑假备战时期。

【真题原文】

Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.

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Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.

It is also less than most forecasters had predicated. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America's inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.

Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack. America's capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen bellow most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment — the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.

Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.

【单词讲解】

1.monetary policy 货币政策

2.Nothing could be further from the truth. 事实远非如此。

3.lag n. 1 落后 2 囚犯 3 防护套 adj. 最后的

vi. 缓缓而行, 滞后 vt. 落后于, 押往监狱, 加上外套

4.hence 因此连接词要熟记，既是理解文章的关键又是写作文的必备。

5.analogy n. 类似, 类推

6.liken...to... 把...比作...

7.rear-view mirrow 后视镜助记：rear尾部，view看看尾部的镜子

8.steering wheel 方向盘

9.given 考虑到，鉴于，这里可理解为尽管

10.panel n. 1 面板, 嵌板, 仪表板 2 座谈小组, 全体陪审员 vt. 嵌镶板研英文章中主要是小组的意思

11.the year as a whole 全年

12.a flash in the pan 昙花一现

13.conventional measures 传统衡量方法这里measure不要理解为措施的意思..

14.slack n. 松弛即无弹性

15.take off 发生

16.upend v 颠倒，推翻

17.失业与通胀的简单推导：失业率高，则工资水平低，从而消费水平低，物价水平低，通胀率低，vice versa.

【参考译文】

很多用来描述货币政策的词，例如“引导经济软着陆”和“触动经济刹车”，听起来象是一门精确的科学。事实远非如此。利率和通货膨胀之间的关系难以确定。在政策的变化对经济起实际作用之前，会有很长而难以确定的时间差。所以，很多人把货币政策实施过程比作驾驶一辆遮住挡风玻璃、后视镜已断裂、方向盘有毛病的汽车。

尽管有这些不足之处，主要银行家对近来的局势似乎相当乐观。西方七大工业国去年的用货膨胀率下降至2.3%，接近30 年来的最低水平，到今年七月，这个数字略微上升到2.5% 。这远远低于七、八十年代很多国家曾经经历过的两位数的通货膨胀率。

这也比大多数预言家的预测要低。1994 年底，每月接受《经济学家》意见调查的一组经济学家指出，美国在1995 年的平均通货膨胀率将达到3.5% 。实际上，8 月份就降到了2.6%，而且有望达到全年平均仅为3% 。而英国和日本的通货膨胀率比去年年底预测的要低半个百分点。这不是昙花一现，在过去几年里，英国和美国的通货膨胀率始终低于预期数值。

经济学家对英国和美国的这种乐观的通货膨胀数据感到尤为吃惊，因为传统的计算方法显示，这两个国家，尤其是美国，已经没有太大的生产弹性。例如，美国的生产力利用率年初达到了历史最高水平，而它的失业率（8 月为5.6%）已经低于了多数正常失业率所允许的数字——在过去，当这种情况出现时，通货膨胀就要发生了。

为什麽通货膨胀的情况如此轻微？可惜的是最令人激动的解释也不是无懈可击的。一些经济学家认为，世界强有力的经济结构改变已经推翻了旧有的经济模式，即以经济增长和通货膨胀之间的历史联系为基础的模式。

【作业】

1.学习完单词后自己认真翻译原文，并将原文中红色字体部分句子的译文回帖，认真答题者奖励100HY

2.自己认真总结本篇文章的词组，长难句，可以整理在本子上（推荐），也可以跟帖总结，把每天的帖子当作你的笔记本。