英译汉中的非谓语动词之一

由于英语句子中一般只能有一个动词，多余的动词往往要被非谓语化，因此便有了所谓的分词、动名词和不定式，而汉语里没有这样的非谓语动词，翻译时就要有相应的对策。

§将非谓语动词直接翻译成动词§

由于非谓语动词是由动词变来的，它们的词义和用法都带有动词的特点，如可有主语、可带宾语、可用被动语态等，汉语却没有非谓语动词，因此大多数非谓语动词都可以直接翻译成动词。

例一：However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects.(1996年英译汉真题)

分析：不定式to deal with 直接译成动词"解决"。

例二：While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past . (1999年英译汉真题)

分析：不定式to recreate and explain 翻译成动词"重现和解释"。

例三：The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. (2002年英译汉真题)

分析：句中三个不定式to change, to be observed 和to find 显然都能翻译成动词。

例四：The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior is only beginning to be recognized and studies. (2002年英译汉真题)

分析：现在分词shaping and maintaining 直接翻译成动词"形成和保持"。

穿过了单词成荫茂密的句子林，带着你的笑和泪，以及不变的追求来一场和翻译的恋爱吧！~~

【 高高兴兴做作业，轻轻松松收沪元】

以下是1997年的考研英语阅读文章，popo想如果用真题文章来"恋"翻译，难度系数或者上下文背景都能满足，而且绝对有实战的感觉吧~别等了,快开做啦！

　To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. （1）Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.

　　（2）For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals - no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, "Then I would have to say yes." Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such well-meaning people just don't understand.

　　Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way - in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. （3）To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.

　　Much can be done. Scientists could "adopt" middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. （4）Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.

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