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24. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago,and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.
【译文】 自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。
【析句】 本句由两个并列分句组成，一个是The role of…years ago，一个是the selective role of… and studied。
25. They are the possessions of the autonomous(self－governing) man of traditional theory,and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.
【译文】 自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。
【析句】 本句由两个并列句组成，第一句是一个简单句，第二句包含一个限制性定语从句，修饰前面的essential practices。
【讲词】 credit作名词时意为“信任,信用,声望,荣誉，学分”。Why should he get all the credit?（为什么他受到了所有人的赞扬?）This course carries three credits.（这门课程有三个学分。）You should have no trouble getting the loan if your credit is good.（如果你信誉良好，要取得这笔贷款就没有什么问题了。）作动词时，credit表示“相信,信任,把……归给”。He is credited with the invention.（那发明归功于他。）to be given credit for sth意为“因……而受称赞”。
26. Until these issues are resolved,a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected,and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.
【译文】 （如果）这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的惟一方式可能也随之受到排斥。
【析句】 连接词引导一个时间状语从句，until可以译为“直到……否则……”，“如果……不……”或“除非……否则……”。本句的主干结构是a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected。句中比较难以理解的成分是and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems。实际上，这是一个与主干结构并列的省略结构，完整的说法是and possibly the only way to solve our problems(will be rejected) with it。
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