10. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility,they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves —goals that pose a real challenge.
【译文】 但是如果机器人要进入节省劳力的下一个阶段，它们必须能够在更少的人工监控下运行，并且至少能够独立做一些决定，这些目标将是一个真正的挑战。
【析句】 整句是一个条件句，主句是两个并列结构，一是they will have to operate with less human supervision，一是（they will have to）be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves。破折号引导的是一个补充说明成分，修饰整个主句。
【讲词】 pose作名词时表示“姿势,姿态”，作动词时意为“摆好姿势,形成,引起,造成”。作动词时常见的搭配有to pose a question（提出一个问题），还可以和danger，obstacle，threat等连用，例如：The paper mill has posed a grave threat to the environment.（造纸厂对环境已经构成了严重的威胁。）

11. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010,researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.
【译文】 虽然在20世纪的60年代和70年代，人们起初着实乐观了一阵，那时候晶体管电路和微处理器似乎能在2010年模仿人类大脑的活动，但是最近研究人员已经开始将这个预测延后数十年，甚至数百年。
【析句】 句子的主干是researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries。在Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s 之后跟了一个定语从句，因而整个句子显得比较费解。

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