【沪研节目】一天一篇真题记单词（07-1994翻译）

【节目介绍】

我们的计划是每天一篇真题，每天记忆文章中的10-20个单词。然后对文章做全文翻译，来达到记忆单词的目的。

历年真题从完形填空、阅读理解、翻译入手，计划从1994年开始，共需要20周左右的时间去完成学习。

参考用书为印建坤编《考研英语核心词汇速成胜经》。

学习完单词后自己认真翻译原文，并将原文中红色字体部分句子的译文回帖，认真答题者奖励50HY，灌水者杀无赦。

希望广大研友和沪友前来支持和学习啊~~

【节目正文】

1994年阅读理解TEXT4

核心词汇：

horizon n. 1 地平(线) 2(知识,思想等的)范围,视野
[例] Science gives us a new horizon. 科学使我们大开新的眼界。
[派生] horizontal adj. 地平线的, 水平的
[固定搭配] on the horizon 在地平线上; 刚刚冒出地平线; 即将出现的(事件)，在遥远的将来

insight n. 洞察力, 见识
[例] a man of insight 有洞察力的人
[同义] intuition, perception, wisdom
[派生] insightful adj. 富有洞察力的,有深刻见解的
[固定搭配] gain an insight into 了解, 熟悉; 看透；识破

instrument n. 工具, 手段, 器械, 器具
[例] an instrument for writing 书写工具
[同义] means ,tool, apparatus, appliance, device, implement
[派生] instrumental adj. 仪器的, 器械的, 乐器的

innumerable adj. 无数的, 数不清的
[例] an innumerable throng of people 人山人海
[同义] many ,countless, infinite, unlimited
[派生] innumerably adv. 数不清地, 无数地

fundamental adj. 基础的, 基本的 n. 基本原则, 基本原理
[例] Fresh air is fundamental to good health. 空气新鲜是身体健康之必需。
[同义] basic, elementary ,essential ,primary
[反义] secondary adj. 次要的, 二级的, 中级的, 第二的
[派生] fundament n. 基础, 基本原理, 臀部

hail n. 1 冰雹 2 致敬, 招呼 3 一阵
vt. 1 向...欢呼, 致敬, 招呼 2 使象下雹样落下；猛发
vi. 1 招呼 2 下雹 int. 万岁, 欢迎
[例] The crowd hailed stones upon the thief. 群众对小偷大扔石头。
[同义] cheer, greet ,shout, sleet, welcome
[派生] haily adj. 冰雹的, 冰雹状的,夹有冰雹的

glory n. 荣誉, 光荣
[例] Win glory for our motherland! 为祖国争光!
[同义] fame, honor, prestige
[反义] disgrace n. 耻辱, 失宠, 丢脸的人(或事) v. 玷污
[派生] glorify v. 使更壮丽, 赞扬

revolve v. 1(使)旋转, 循环出现 2 考虑
[例] He revolved the main points in his mind. 他在心中思索要点。
[同义] circle ,go around ,turn
[派生] revolving v. 旋转 adj. 旋转的

dispute v. 1 争论, 辩论；怀疑 2 抗拒, 阻止, 争夺(土地,胜利等)
n. 争论, 辩论, 争吵
[例] The lawyer disputed the truth of the witness's statement. 律师对证人的话的真实性提出了怀疑。
[同义] argue , contest, debate, fight , oppose , quarrel
[反义] agree vi. 1 同意, 赞成...的意见, 与...一致, 承认2 适合vt. 同意
[派生] disputer n. 争论者
[固定搭配] in dispute with 与...争论； 与...有争议；under dispute 在争论中；在辩论中 (= in dispute)

expense n. 1 费用, 代价, 开支 2 损失
[例] What are the expenses of moving house? 搬家的花销是多少？
[同义] cost, payment
[固定搭配] spare no expense 不惜代价； at sb.'s expense 由某人付钱

【真题原文】

学习完单词后自己认真翻译原文，并将原文中红色字体部分句子的译文回帖，认真答题者奖励50HY，灌水者杀无赦。

According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force on expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.“In short,” a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions”

Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.

The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put earth at the center of all heavenly motions. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses.

Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

【原文翻译】

新学派科学家认为，技术作为科学知识发展的动力，一直为人们所忽视。他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，在很大程度上是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。”

多年以来，工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉在很大程度上被科技历史学家和科技思想家们忽略了。这一推崇技术的现代学派认为伽利略、牛顿、马克斯韦尔、爱因斯坦等科学家以及爱迪生这样的发明家十分重视各种各样可用于科学实验的工艺信息及技术设备，并从中受益匪浅。

推崇技术否定天才的倡导者的中心论据是对伽利略在科学革命开始时所起作用的分析。当时人们对天体的认识来自于公元2 世纪一位叫托勒密的天文学家。他认为，在复杂的天体系统中所有的天体都围绕着地球运动。伽利略最光辉的业绩在于他在1609 年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实星星是围绕太阳旋转，而不是围绕地球。但新派科学家们认为真正的英雄，是眼镜制造工具逐步改进的结果。

联邦政府的政策不可避免的卷入了这场“技术”与“天才”之争。政府究竟是以减少对技术经费的投入来增加对纯科学的经费投入还是相反，这往往取决于把问题的哪方面看成是驱动力。
 


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