【沪研节目】冲击翻译不得不恋(12)

来源：沪江论坛 | 时间：2008-04-08 | 作者：从头越popo | 阅读：1128 次 | [大中小] [收藏] [划词 ]

【 考研英译汉难点总结之一 】 ( ㊣资料来自《考研英语英译汉四步定位翻译法》 )

英译汉中的代词（ 3 ）

5 疑问代词：总共有 5 个—— who,whose ,whom,which,what.

在考研英译汉中出现最多的是 who,which 和 what. 这些疑问代词往往要翻译成名词。

例一： There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.Historians ， especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of “ tunnel method ，” frequently fall victim to the “ technicist fallacy. ” Also common in the natural sciences ， the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.

It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources.And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.

分析：句中两个 who 的使用是典型的英语表达，它们使整个句子构成一个表达多层次意思的复合句。

而汉语喜欢使用简单句，两个 who 引导的从句显然和主句分开译比较好，它们分别修饰 traditional historians 和 social science historians 这样一来， who 指代什么名词就应该译成什么名词，直译为“谁”肯定是行不通的。

例二： Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

分析： which 在句中引导宾语从句（注意不是定于从句，如果是它就该是介词 of 的宾语，

二句中 which 不能既作介词宾语又作从句主语，从而导致从句缺主语），因此不是指代前面的名词 issue, 而是指代更前面的 pure science 和 technology 中间的任何一个，故明确解释翻译成“哪一方（纯科学或者技术）或者“纯科学和技术哪一方”。

6 关系代词：在考研中英译汉中主要有 which 和 that 两个词。由关系代词引导的往往是定语从句，修饰或说明前面的先行词，如果这个从句较简单，则采用合译法，关系代词不用翻译；如果这个从句比较复杂，则采用拆译法，关系代词的翻译往往是重复先行词。

例一： How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

分析： which 在句中指代前面的先行词 skill and wisdom ，由于 which 后面的从句较短，可以合译成“解释（ it ）的技巧和智慧”， which 不用译出；如果分开来译，则是“（ it ）通过这些技巧和智慧来解释。”

例二： Tylor defined culture as “…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”.

分析： 由于 which 前面只有个带修饰语的名词， which 这时译成“它”是很清楚的，如果译成“这个 + 先行词”当然也不会有问题，只不过有些啰嗦。

★代词翻译的小小总结 & 规律★ ：只要见到代词就要清楚它指代什么，译文中用代词不清楚时就用名词来表达，哪怕有些啰嗦也要多用名词，只有在明显清楚或者找不到合适的名词时采用代词。

【高高兴兴做作业，轻轻松松收沪元】

1 请下面的句子翻译成中文。

There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.Historians ， especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of “ tunnel method ，” frequently fall victim to the “ technicist fallacy. ” Also common in the natural sciences ， the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.

It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources.And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. （ 1999 年英译汉真题）

2 请下面的句子翻译成中文。

In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined. (1994 年英译汉真题 )

3 请下面的句子翻译成中文。

Tylor defined culture as “…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”. (2003 年英译汉真题 )

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