2017考研:英语语法详解(29)

作者: 来源:考研VIP 时间:2016-10-31 17:00

英语句子的语序一般是固定的:主语在前,谓语在后,这叫陈述语序。谓语的全部或一部分(助动词或情态动词)放在主语之前的现象称为倒装。因为语法结构而必须倒装的,叫语法倒装;我们学习倒装的主要目的是增加对英语句式多样性的认识,以便在写作和口语中使用。

1.以so开头的,表示“也一样”,“也这样”的句子要倒装。So 用于肯定句,代替上文中的形容词、名词或动词,通常指前面所说的肯定情况也适用于其他人或物。结构是“so + be (do, have 其他助动词或情态动词)+主语”。

如:

Production is going up, so is the people’s standard of living.

生产不断发展,人们的生活水平也一样。

Society has changed and so have the people in it.

社会变了,社会上的人也变了。

Coal is under the ground, and so is oil.

煤在地底下,石油也是。

He saw it, and so did I.

他看见了,我也看见了。

They can swim now, and so can we.

他们现在能游泳,我们也能。

We must start for the work-site now. So must you.

我们该动身去工地了,你们也该去了。

注意:如果只是对前句的内容表示同意,则不要倒装。

如:

It was hot yesterday. So it was! 昨天很热。是的。

He works very hard. So he does. 他工作很努力。是的。

Tomorrow will be Monday. So it will. 明天星期一。对。

句子:

1)我会说英语。我弟弟也会。

→I can speak English. So can my brother.

2)他们上星期日到颐和园去了。我们也去了。

→They went to the Summer Palace last Sunday. So did we.

3)他去过长城。我也去过。

→He has been to the Great Wall. So have I.

4)她喜欢教英语。我姐姐也喜欢。

→She enjoys teaching English. So does my sister.

5)你说他很努力,对,他确实很努力,你也一样。

→You say he works hard. So he does, and so do you.

注意:在so…..that…..结构中,如果so 在句首,通常也用倒装结构。

例如:

So easy is it that a boy can learn it.

那很容易,小孩子都能学。

(原句是:It is so easy that a boy can learn it.)

So rapidly did he speak that we could hardly understand him clearly.他说得很快,我们简直听不清楚。

(原句是:He spoke so rapidly that we could hardly understand him clearly.)

2.以neither与nor开头的句子,表示“…也不”时,句子倒装。Neither 与nor 意思相同,可以互换。Neither, nor 用于否定句,通常指前面所说的否定情况也适用于其他人或物。结构是:Neither (nor) + be (do, have, 其他助动词或情态动词) +主语。

例如:

I won’t do such a thing. Nor/Neither will anyone else.

我不会做这样的事,别人也不会。

The first one wasn’t good and neither was the second.

第一个不好,第二个也不好。

I won’t go there. Neither will she.

我将不去那里。她也不去。

练习:

1)我不知道他住哪儿。她也不知道。

I don’t know where he lives. Neither does she.

2)我不知道这两个句子的区别。他们也不知道。

I don’t know the difference between these two sentences. Nor do they.

3)我昨天晚上没有写作文。魏芳也没写。

I didn’t write my composition yesterday evening. Neither did Wei Fang.

4)学生们不在教室里。老师也不在。

The students were not in the classroom. Nor was the teacher.

3.以here, there, now, then 等副词开头的句子中。习惯上用一般现在时(除以then开头的句子用过去时)。

例如:

There comes the bus! 汽车来了。

There goes the bell. 铃响了。

Now comes your turn. 该轮到你了。

Then came a new difficulty. 接着来了个新难题。

Then followed three days of heavy rain. 后来连着下了三天大雨。

Up went the plane. 飞起来了飞机。

Our rushed a cat from under the bed. 从床底下窜出一只猫。

Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你一封信。

注意:在这种句型中,如果主语是代词时就不倒装。

例如:

Here you are. 给你。

There he comes. 他来了。

Here it is. 这就是。

4.在表示祝愿的句子中。

如:

May you have a pleasant trip. 祝你旅途愉快。

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