沪江黑暗版真题解析之2006text4

2006 Text 4

      Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this： artist’s only job is to explore emotions， and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.

       This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art， like painting and music， are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century， more artists began seeing happiness as insipid， phony or， worst of all， boring as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.

     You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war， disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason， in fact， may be just the opposite： there is too much damn happiness in the world today.

      After all， what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness？ Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media， and with it， a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.

      People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted， lived with few protections and died young. In the West， before mass communication and literacy， the most powerful mass medium was the church， which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this， they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.

      Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial， and forever happy .Fast-food eaters， news anchors， text messengers， all smiling， smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda——to lure us to open our wallets to make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate！” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex， before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.
What we forget——what our economy depends on is forgetting——is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today， surrounded by promises of easy happiness， we need someone to tell us as religion once did， Memento mori： remember that you will die， that everything ends， and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette， yet， somehow， a breath of fresh air.

36.By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire， the author intends to show that
A. Poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music.
B. Art grow out of both positive and negative feeling.
C. Poets today are less skeptical of happiness.
D. Artist have changed their focus of interest.

37. The word “bummer”（Line 5. paragraph 5） most probably means something
A. religious
B. unpleasant
C. entertaining
D. commercial

38.In the author’s opinion， advertising
A. emerges in the wake of the anti-happy part.
B. is a cause of disappointment for the general peer
C. replace the church as a major source of information
D. creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself.

39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes
A .Happiness more often than not ends in sadness.
B. The anti-happy art is distasteful by refreshing.
C. Misery should be enjoyed rather than denied.
D .The anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms

40.Which of the following is true of the text？
A Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.
B Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.
C People feel disappointed at the realities of morality.
D mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.
 
 
重点词汇：
weird: [ wiəd ]    a. （frightening because it is）unnatural，uncanny or strange 不自然的，怪异的或奇怪的（常做贬义）
【例】Weird shrieks were heard in the darkness. 在黑暗中听见离奇的尖叫声.
He looks like nothing on earth in those weird clothes. 他穿著奇装异服难看极了.
【名】weirdie  n. （口语，通常贬义）行为、衣着等奇怪的人，古怪的人
eccentric  n. （没有贬义）古怪的人

insipid: [ in'sipid ]    a. having almost no taste or flavour；lacking in interest or vigour乏味的,枯燥的 （常做贬义）
【例】The food was rather insipid, and needed gingering up. 这食物缺少味道，需要加点作料。
【名】insipidity  n. 乏味，枯燥

phony: [ 'fəuni ] （也写作phoney）   a. （指某人）假装的，冒充的；（指某物）假的,伪造的； n.冒充者，赝品
【例】The phony glamour of night club soon become stale and boring. 夜总会那种虚假的荣华不久便失去了新意而使人生厌。

daffodil: [ 'dæfədil ]     n. 水仙花  a. 水仙花色的

massacre: [ 'mæsəkə ]    n. 大屠杀；（口）（运动队的）惨败
【例】The press has reported the massacre of thousands of people for their religious beliefs. 新闻界报道了那场因宗教信仰原因而对千万人的大屠杀。
The game was a complete massacre; we lost 10-0. 那次比赛真是一次惨败，我们0比10输了。

damn: [ dæm ]     a. （口）表示不满、愤怒、不耐烦等； adv. （表示不满、愤怒等）非常
【例】Where’s that damn book 那本该死的书哪里去了？
My damn car has broken down  我的混帐汽车坏了。
You know damn well what I mean  你清清楚楚明白我的意思。
【习】damn all （口）完全没有   It’s damn all use you telling me that now  你现在才告诉我，管什么用！

beam: [ bi:m ]    n. 光线,横梁,容光焕发   v. 微笑,闪亮
【例】From a sky of untarnished blue the sun beamed down upon Beijing. 阳光透过万里碧空照耀着北京城。
The World Cup Final was beamed live from Britain to Japan. 世界杯决赛从英国向日本作了实况转播.
【习】off（the）beam （口）不对的，错的  
Your calculation is way off beam. 你的计算大错特错.

bombard:   v. 炮击，轰炸；（以连珠炮似的问题）攻击、漫骂
【例】Reporters bombarded the President with questions about his economic policy. 新闻记者提出许多有关经济政策的问题围攻总统.
【用】～ sb/sth with sth  用sth轰炸、攻击sb/sth

难句分析：
①The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.
分析：it 指代the rise；in which引导的从句修饰commercial culture
翻译：反快乐艺术的上升几乎精确的追踪着大众传媒的产生，并且伴随着它产生了商业文化，其中的幸福不仅仅是一种理想，而是一种空想。
②And since these messages have an agenda--to lure us to open our wallets to make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable.
分析：这是个简单句，波折号前面是主句，破折号后面的不定式结构to lure us to open ourwallets修饰agenda，to make后面的部分做补语修饰have an agenda。
翻译：因此这些信息都有一个中心目的：引诱我们掏钱，这使得那些幸福的观点看起来不可靠了。

答案分析（暂缺）
Text4由于是四篇文章里最难的一篇，因此无论从文章自身角度还是题目答案角度都存在很多争议。而且由于教育部的标准答案至今未出(反正我没有找到[>_<]谁有消息告诉我一声)，所以为了避免误人子弟和不必要的麻烦，该篇文章就先不给出答案分析了，等到标准答案出炉后再进行修订，希望大家理解，谢谢。以下是各个版的答案供大家参考：恩波周固版：DBDBA。  新航道李剑版：BBDCA。恩波庆学先版及新东方引建坤版：DBDCA ….

全文翻译：
许多事情让人们觉得艺术家很古怪。最古怪可能是：艺术家的唯一工作就是寻找情感，然而他们所关注的对象大多是那些不幸的人。
当然不总是那样。艺术的最早形式，像绘画和音乐，都是最适合表达快乐的。但在19世纪的某个时期，更多的艺术家开始把快乐看成枯燥乏味的，假冒的，甚至是最糟的。我们可以从Wordsworth的黄水仙到Baudelaire的罪恶之花看出这种变化。
你可能会争论艺术变得怀疑幸福因为现代看了这样的苦难。但这不是早期为断的战争,灾难和大规模的屠杀。事实上，原因可能与之相反：现在世界上有太多快乐的事情。
归根结底，几乎完全致力于描写快乐的那种现代表现方式是什么呢？广告。反快乐艺术的兴起几乎完全与大众传媒同步出现，而随之兴起了一种商业文化，在这种文化中，快乐不仅是一个理想，而且是一种意识形态。
早期的人们周围都是痛苦的回忆。他们累得筋疲力尽，生活几无保障，年纪轻轻就命丧黄泉。在西方，在大众传媒和读写普及之前，最强大的大众媒介是教堂，它提醒信徒们，他们的灵魂处于危险之中，他们总有一天会成为蛆虫的食物。他们对此已十分了然，无须其艺术再表现这种失落感。
今天，你们普通西方人面对的信息轰炸不是宗教的，而是商业的，而且让人快乐得无法忍受。除了那位在贷款生意上一直输于Ｄｉｔｅｃｈ的银行家，快餐食客、新闻主播、发短信的人，都在微笑、微笑、微笑。我们的杂志突出刊登满面春风的名人和美满幸福的家庭。（托尔斯泰显然没有编辑过家居杂志。）由于这样的信息都有一项任务——即从我们的口袋里撬走钱包——所以它们使“幸福”的概念本身显得虚假。“欢庆吧！”宣传关节炎良药西乐葆的广告这样命令道，随后我们却发现它能增加心脏病的发病率。
我们忘记的是――我们的经济所依靠的是忘记――快乐比没有疼痛的快乐好得多。带我们最大快乐事情的同时也会带给我们巨大的失去和失望。现在，在轻易得到快乐的周围，我们需要有人告诉我们以前宗教告诉我们的，死的标志：记住你会死，每件事情都会结束，不能否定快乐但能和它一起生活。这可能比香烟更加悲惨，也许，比呼吸一口新鲜空气也痛苦。