【沪研节目】一天一篇真题记单词（10-1995阅读TEXT2）

我们的计划是每天一篇真题，每天记忆文章中的10-20个单词。然后对文章做全文翻译，来达到记忆单词的目的。

历年真题从完形填空、阅读理解、翻译入手，计划从1994年开始，共需要20周左右的时间去完成学习。

参考用书为印建坤编《考研英语核心词汇速成胜经》。

学习完单词后自己认真翻译原文，并将原文中红色字体部分句子的译文回帖，认真答题者奖励50HY，灌水者杀无赦。

希望广大研友和沪友前来支持和学习啊~~

【节目正文】

1995年阅读理解TEXT2

核心词汇：

external adj. 1 外部的, 客观的, [医]外用的2 外国的 n. 外部, 外面
[同义] exterior ， outer， outside， surface
[反义] internal adj. 内在的, 国内的

measuren. 1尺寸, 量度器, 量度标准2 方法, 测量, 措施
vt. 1 测量, 测度, 估量2 分派, 权衡, 调节 vi. 量
[例] 1 测量：The standard kilogram is maintained as a measure of mass. 标准的千克是测量质量的量度
2 较量She measured her power with that of a dangerous adversary. 她拿自己的力量和危险的敌手进行较量
[同义] appraise ，assess ，compare， estimate ，grade， rank ，rate ，size
[固定搭配] measure up （常与to 连用）合格；符合（标准）

contrastvt. 使与...对比, 使与...对照 vi. 和...形成对照 n. 对比, 对照, (对照中的)差异
[例] My new school was a welcome contrast to the one before. 我的新学校比以前的好多了。
[同义] compare， liken， match， measure

definitionn. 1 定义2 解说3 精确度, (轮廓影像等的)清晰度
[例] Good photographs have definition. 好的照片都很清晰。
[派生] define vt. 定义, 详细说明 definite adj. 明确的, 一定的

specific n. 1 特效药2 细节 adj. 1 详细而精确的, 明确的2 特殊的, 特效的, [生物]种的
[例] I want a specific answer.我想要一个明确的回答。
[同义] definite ，fixed， particular ，precise， special
[反义] general n. 1 普通2 将军3 概要
adj. 1 一般的, 普通的2 综合的, 概括的, 全面的, 大体的 n. 常规
[派生] specify vt. 1 指定2 详细说明, 列入清单
specification n. 详述, 规格, 说明书, 规范

signpost n. 路标
[例] We usually put up signposts on the highway for the drivers.我们经常在高速公路上为司机们设立些路标。
landmark n. 1(航海)陆标, 地界标, 里程碑2 划时代的事
[例] The Potala Palace is Tibet's cardinal landmark and a structure that deserves a place as one of the wonders of eastern architecture. 布达拉宫是西藏标志性的建筑，它能被认为是东方建筑的奇迹之一。
[同义] milestone ，point

encounter v. 遭遇, 遇到, 相遇 n. 遭遇, 遭遇战
[例] The young scientists encountered many difficulties during their exploration.
年轻的科学家们在探险期间遇到了许多困难。
[同义] battle， collide， come across， confront ，meet， oppose

obstacle n. 障碍, 妨害物
[例] We combat obstacles in order to get repose? Henry Adams).
"为了获得歇息，我们与困难斗争"（亨利?亚当斯）。
[同义] barrier， block， deterrent ，hindrance ，hitch， impediment obstruction，snag ，stoppage
[反义] help n. 帮忙, 补救办法, 助手, 治疗, <美>佣工 vt. 帮助, 助长, 接济, 治疗, 款待
vi. 有用, 救命, 招待

essential adj. 1 本质的, 实质的, 基本的2 提炼的, 精华的 n. 1 本质, 实质2 要素, 要点
[例] What is the essential difference between these two economic systems? 这两种经济体制的本质区别是什么?
[同义] basic, fundamental, important, necessary , needed, required , vital
[派生] essence n. 基本, [哲]本质, 香精

perceive vt. 察觉 v. 感知, 感到, 认识到
[例] I perceived that I could not make her change her mind. 我发觉我不能使她改变她的主意。
[同义] detect, distinguish, experience, feel make out, observe, recognize sense
[派生] perception n.理解, 感知, 感觉, DPS 公司出的数字影像压缩卡
perceptive adj. 有理解的

tend vi . 趋向, 往往是 vt. 照管, 护理
[例] People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。
[同义] administer, attend , bend , care for, foster, help , incline
[派生] tendency n. 趋向, 倾向

indecisive adj. 非决定性的
[例] There are no indecisive boundaries between the two opinions. 这两种意见界线分明。
[反义] decisive adj. 决定性的

timidity n. 胆怯
[例] His timidity prevented him from asking her to the dance . 他由于胆怯没敢邀请她去参加舞会。
[派生] timid adj. 胆小的, 羞怯的

hesitate v. 犹豫, 踌躇, 不愿
[例] He hesitated before he answered because he didn't know what to say.
他在回答之前犹豫了一下，因为他不知道说什么。
[同义] falter， flounder， let up ，pause， rest， waver
[反义] dare ，decide ，determine
[派生] hesitation n. 犹豫, 踌躇

cope vi. (善于)应付, (善于)处理
[例] She is not a competent driver and can't cope with driving in heavy traffic.
"她不是个能干的司机,在交通拥挤时就开不好车。"
[同义] face， put up ，struggle

insecurity n. 不安全, 不安全感
[例] The child's feeling of insecurity was caused by his mother's early death .
这孩子无依无靠的感觉是由于他母亲早死所造成的。
[反义] security n. 安全
[派生] secure adj. 安全的, 可靠的, 放心的, 无虑的 v. 保护

unavoidable adj. 不能避免的, 不能取消的
[例] an unavoidable accident 必然会发生的事故
[同义] certain， inescapable， inevitable ， sure
[反义] avoidable adj. 可避免的

ceasev. 停止, 终了
[例] We worked without cease to get the project finished on time. 我们不停地生产以便按时完成计划
[同义] discontinue， end， halt， quit ，stop
[反义] begin v. 开始, 首先
[固定搭配] cease out 绝迹； cease to be 不再是；cease to be in force 失效； cease to be in effect 失效；

【真题原文】

学习完单词后自己认真翻译原文，并将原文中红色字体部分句子的译文回帖，认真答题者奖励50HY，灌水者杀无赦。

There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process.People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language---all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way.The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process , the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept .
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may "fail" at first.How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we're shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we're slow to adapt to change or that we' re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making .

【原文翻译】

对成长的看法基本上有两种：一种把成长看成是结果，一种把它看成是过程。人们大多把个人成长看成是容易识别和衡量的外部结果。工人得到了晋升，学生的成绩有了提高，外国人学会了一门新语言——所有这些都是取得了能显示出他们努力的可衡量结果的例子。
相比之下，个人成长的过程却比较难以确定，因为从定义上可以看出，它是一个旅程，而不是旅程中特定的标志或里程碑。这个过程指的并不是道路本身，而是人们在遭遇新的体验和预料不到的挫折时的态度和情感，勇气和忧虑。在这个过程中，这一旅程永远没有终点，总是有新的体验，新的尝试和新的挑战。
为了实现个人成长，探索新道路，人们需要有愿意冒风险的精神，人们要有勇于面对未知的世界的精神，人们要有敢于接受开始时也许就会失败的可能性。我们在探索新路的时候如何看待自己，这对我们的成长能力是至关重要的。我们是否认为自己头脑灵活、好奇心强？如果是这样，我们会更愿意冒风险，更愿意尝试不熟悉的体验。我们是否认为自己羞怯而缺乏主见？如果这样，那么胆怯会使我们犹豫、行动缓慢，在迈出一步之前总是先要确定路况是否安全。我们是否认为自己调整自我以适应变化很慢，或我们是否认为自己不够聪明，无法迎接新的挑战？这样的话，我们可能会采取更加被动的态度，或者根本就不去尝试新的事物。
如果我们要去改变自我并成长的话，这些不安全感和自我怀疑都是不可避免的和必经的。如果无法面对和克服这些内心的恐惧和疑虑，如果我们对自己过分保护，那我们就会停止成长，我们就会作茧自缚。

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